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Article Dans Une Revue PLoS Biology Année : 2020

Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion

Leon Espinosa
Anaïs Benarouche
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Alain Cagna
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Tam Mignot

Résumé

The development of multicellularity is a key evolutionary transition allowing for differentiation of physiological functions across a cell population that confers survival benefits; among uni-cellular bacteria, this can lead to complex developmental behaviors and the formation of higher-order community structures. Herein, we demonstrate that in the social δ-proteobac-terium Myxococcus xanthus, the secretion of a novel biosurfactant polysaccharide (BPS) is spatially modulated within communities, mediating swarm migration as well as the formation of multicellular swarm biofilms and fruiting bodies. BPS is a type IV pilus (T4P)-inhibited acidic polymer built of randomly acetylated β-linked tetrasaccharide repeats. Both BPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by dedicated Wzx/Wzy-dependent polysaccharide-assembly pathways distinct from that responsible for spore-coat assembly. While EPS is preferentially produced at the lower-density swarm periphery, BPS production is favored in the higher-density swarm interior; this is consistent with the former being known to stimulate T4P retraction needed for community expansion and a function for the latter in promoting initial cell dispersal. Together, these data reveal the central role of secreted polysaccharides in the intricate behaviors coordinating bacterial multicellularity.
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hal-02880850 , version 1 (10-11-2020)

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Salim Islam, Israel Vergara Alvarez, Fares Saïdi, Annick Guiseppi, Evgeny Vinogradov, et al.. Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion. PLoS Biology, 2020, 18 (6), pp.e3000728. ⟨10.1371/journal.pbio.3000728⟩. ⟨hal-02880850⟩
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