J. Hou, Z. Liu, and F. Gu, Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, International Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.2, pp.50-57, 2005.
DOI : 10.7150/ijms.2.50

D. Lavanchy, Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures, Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol.34, issue.2, pp.97-107, 2004.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200012073432302

P. Michielsen, S. Francque, and J. Van-dongen, Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, World J Surg Oncol, vol.3, pp.1-18, 2005.

C. Seeger and W. Mason, Hepatitis B Virus Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.64, issue.1, pp.51-68, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.64.1.51-68.2000

E. Ayoola, Viral Hepatitis in Africa Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, pp.161-169, 1988.

C. Bekondi, C. Olinger, N. Boua, A. Talarmin, C. Muller et al., Central African Republic is part of the West-African hepatitis B virus genotype E crescent, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.40, issue.1, pp.31-37, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.05.009

L. Bélec, G. Grésenguet, M. Georges-courbot, A. Villon, M. Martin et al., Sero-epidemiological study of several sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV infection) in rural zone of Central African Republic, Bull Soc Pathol Exot, vol.81, pp.692-698, 1988.

J. Pawlotsky, L. Bélec, G. Grésenguet, L. Deforges, M. Bouvier et al., High prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and E markers in young sexually active adults from The Central African Republic, Journal of Medical Virology, vol.344, issue.3, pp.269-273, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/jmv.1890460318

N. Komas, J. Gody, and A. Béré, Seroprevalence and age acquirement of HBV infection during childhood in Complexe Pediatrique de Bangui (Central African Republic) [abstract], J Clin Virol, issue.S2, pp.36-199, 2006.

M. Bellis, K. Hughes, A. Calafat, M. Juan, A. Ramon et al., Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs and the associated health risks: A cross sectional study of young people in nine European cities, BMC Public Health, vol.22, issue.1, p.155, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0740-5472(01)00215-X

B. Heng, K. Goh, R. Chan, S. Chew, S. Doraisingham et al., Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Singapore men with sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection: role of sexual transmission in a city state with intermediate HBV endemicity., Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.49, issue.3, pp.309-322, 1995.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.49.3.309

I. Gjorup, P. Skinhoj, B. Böttiger, and A. Plesner, Changing epidemiology of HBV infection in Danish children, Journal of Infection, vol.47, issue.3, pp.231-235, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0163-4453(03)00070-7

F. Su, J. Chen, S. Cheng, C. Lin, Y. Liu et al., Seroprevalence of Hepatitis-B infection amongst Taiwanese university students 18 years following the commencement of a national Hepatitis-B vaccination program, Journal of Medical Virology, vol.179, issue.2, pp.138-143, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/jmv.20771

E. Villa, R. Cartolari, S. Bellentani, P. Rivasi, G. Casolo et al., Hepatitis B virus markers on dried blood spots. A new tool for epidemiological research., Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol.34, issue.7, pp.809-812, 1981.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.34.7.809

M. Backmund, K. Meyer, C. Schuetz, and J. Reimer, Factors associated with exposure to hepatitis B virus in injection drug users, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.84, issue.2, pp.154-159, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.009

A. Mele, A. Mariano, M. Tosti, T. Stroffolini, R. Pizzuti et al., Acute Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Italy: Incidence and Risk Factors after the Introduction of the Universal Anti-Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.44, issue.3, pp.17-24, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510433

M. Mendy, G. Kirk, M. Van-der-sande, A. Jeng-barry, O. Lesi et al., Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and alpha-foetoprotein detection from dried blood spots: applications to field-based studies and to clinical care in hepatitis B virus endemic areas, Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol.14, issue.2, pp.642-647, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.20103

G. Mcquillan, T. Townsend, H. Fields, M. Carroll, M. Leahy et al., Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B virus infection in the United States 1976 to 1980, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.87, issue.3, pp.5-10, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(89)90523-8

C. Gogos, K. Fouka, G. Nikiforidis, K. Avgeridis, G. Sakellaropoulos et al., Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection in the general population and selected groups in South-Western Greece, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.18, issue.6
DOI : 10.1023/A:1024698715741

P. Bonanni, G. Pesavento, A. Bechini, E. Tiscione, F. Manuelli et al., Impact of universal vaccination programmes on the epidemiology of hepatitis B: 10 years of experience in Italy, Vaccine, vol.21, issue.7-8, pp.685-691, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00580-7

L. Salleras, A. Dominguez, M. Bruguera, N. Cardenosa, J. Batalla et al., Dramatic decline in acute hepatitis B infection and disease incidence rates among adolescents and young people after 12 years of a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme of pre-adolescents in the schools of Catalonia (Spain) Vaccine, pp.2181-2184, 2005.

M. Oliveira, R. Martins, M. Matos, R. Ferreira, M. Dias et al., Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and high rate of response to hepatitis B virus Butang??vaccine in adolescents from low income families in Central Brazil, Mem??rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol.101, issue.3, pp.251-256, 2006.
DOI : 10.1590/S0074-02762006000300004

F. Alhababi, T. Sallam, and C. Tong, The significance of ???anti-HBc only??? in the clinical virology laboratory, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.27, issue.2, pp.162-169, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00171-3

S. Jaber, Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B and anti-hepatitis A antibodies among school aged children in Western Saudi Arabia, Saudi Med J, vol.27, pp.1515-1522, 2006.

C. Shepard, E. Simard, L. Finelli, A. Fiore, and B. Bell, Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Vaccination, Epidemiologic Reviews, vol.28, issue.1, pp.112-125, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/epirev/mxj009

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.542.4856

E. Mast, C. Weinbaum, A. Fiore, M. Alter, B. Bell et al., A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults, MMWR Recomm Rep, vol.55, pp.1-33, 2006.