Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.

Joanne Baker; Mei-Fong Ho; Anita Pelecanos; Michelle Gatton; Nanhua Chen; Salim Abdullah; Audrey Albertini; Frederic Ariey; John Barnwell; David Bell; Jane Cunningham; Djibrine Djalle; Diego F Echeverry; Dionicia Gamboa; Jeffery Hii; Myat Phone Kyaw; Jennifer Luchavez; Christopher Membi; Didier Menard; Claribel Murillo; Sina Nhem; Bernhards Ogutu; Pamela Onyor; Wellington Oyibo; Shan Qing Wang; James Mccarthy; Qin Cheng

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-129

Journal articles

Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.

Joanne Baker ^{1, 2} Mei-Fong Ho ^{1, 3} Anita Pelecanos ^{3, 4} Michelle Gatton ^{3, 4} Nanhua Chen ¹ Salim Abdullah ⁵ Audrey Albertini ⁶ Frederic Ariey ⁷ John Barnwell ⁸ David Bell ^{6, 9} Jane Cunningham ¹⁰ Djibrine Djalle ^{11, *} Diego F Echeverry ¹² Dionicia Gamboa ^{13, 14} Jeffery Hii ¹⁵ Myat Phone Kyaw ¹⁶ Jennifer Luchavez ¹⁷ Christopher Membi ⁵ Didier Menard ¹⁸ Claribel Murillo ¹² Sina Nhem ⁷ Bernhards Ogutu ¹⁹ Pamela Onyor Wellington Oyibo ²⁰ Shan Qing Wang ²¹ James Mccarthy ³ Qin Cheng ^{1, 4}

* Corresponding author

1 Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics

2 School of Population Health

3 Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory

4 Malaria Drug Resistance and Chemotherapy Laboratory

5 Bagamoyo

6 Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics

7 Institut Pasteur du Cambodge

8 Centre for Disease Control and Prevention

9 Global Malaria Programme

10 UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR)

11 Institut Pasteur de Bangui

12 CIDEIM - Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas

13 IMT AvH - Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt"

14 Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular y Farmacologia

15 Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization

16 Department of Medical Research

17 Research Institute for Tropical Medicine

18 Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

19 KEMRI - Kenya Medical Research Institute

20 College of Medicine

21 Hainan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention

Abstract : BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis is essential for prompt and appropriate treatment of malaria. While rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer great potential to improve malaria diagnosis, the sensitivity of RDTs has been reported to be highly variable. One possible factor contributing to variable test performance is the diversity of parasite antigens. This is of particular concern for Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-detecting RDTs since PfHRP2 has been reported to be highly variable in isolates of the Asia-Pacific region. METHODS: The pfhrp2 exon 2 fragment from 458 isolates of P. falciparum collected from 38 countries was amplified and sequenced. For a subset of 80 isolates, the exon 2 fragment of histidine-rich protein 3 (pfhrp3) was also amplified and sequenced. DNA sequence and statistical analysis of the variation observed in these genes was conducted. The potential impact of the pfhrp2 variation on RDT detection rates was examined by analysing the relationship between sequence characteristics of this gene and the results of the WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 1 (2008), for 34 PfHRP2-detecting RDTs. RESULTS: Sequence analysis revealed extensive variations in the number and arrangement of various repeats encoded by the genes in parasite populations world-wide. However, no statistically robust correlation between gene structure and RDT detection rate for P. falciparum parasites at 200 parasites per microlitre was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that despite extreme sequence variation, diversity of PfHRP2 does not appear to be a major cause of RDT sensitivity variation.

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Journal articles

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Life Sciences [q-bio] / Other [q-bio.OT]

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Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.

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Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.

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