F. Lebar, G. Hickey, and J. Musgrave, Ethnic groups of mainland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press, 1964.

V. Kumar, A. Reddy, J. Babu, T. Rao, and B. Langstieh, Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations, BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol.7, issue.1, p.47, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2148-7-47

W. Eberhard, A history of China, 1977.

C. Higham, The archaeology of mainland Southeast asia: from 10,000 B.C. to the fall of Angkor, 1989.

P. Lertrit, S. Poolsuwan, R. Thosarat, T. Sanpachudayan, and H. Boonyarit, Genetic history of Southeast Asian populations as revealed by ancient and modern human mitochondrial DNA analysis, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol.70, issue.4, pp.425-440, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/ajpa.20884

B. Bellina, Le port protohistorique de Khao Sam Kaeo en Tha?¨landeTha?¨lande péninsulaire: lieu privilégié pour l'e ´tude des premières interactions indiennes et sud-est asiatiques, pp.329-343, 2002.
DOI : 10.3406/befeo.2002.3574
URL : http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/befeo_0336-1519_2002_num_89_1_3574.pdf

B. Bellina, Cultural Exchange Between India and Southeast Asia. Production and Distribution of Hard Stone Ornaments (6 c. BC-6 c. AD), 2007.

. Paris, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme

B. Bellina-pryce and P. Silapanth, Weaving cultural identities on trans-Asiatic networks: Upper Thai-Malay Peninsula ??? an early socio-political landscape, Bulletin de l'Ecole fran??aise d'Extr??me-Orient, vol.93, issue.1, pp.257-294, 2006.
DOI : 10.3406/befeo.2006.6039

B. Bellina and P. Silapanth, Khao Sam Kaeo and the Upper Thai Peninsula: understanding the mechanism of early trans-asiatic trade and cultural exchange, Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past, pp.379-392, 2006.

P. Soares, J. Trejaut, J. Loo, C. Hill, and M. Mormina, Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1209-1218, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msn068

C. Hill, P. Soares, M. Mormina, V. Macaulay, and D. Clarke, A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.80, issue.1, pp.29-43, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510412

C. Hill, P. Soares, M. Mormina, V. Macaulay, and W. Meehan, Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.23, issue.12, pp.2480-2491, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msl124

B. Linz, F. Balloux, Y. Moodley, A. Manica, and H. Liu, An African origin for the intimate association between humans and Helicobacter pylori, Nature, vol.4, issue.7130, pp.915-918, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature05562

D. Falush, T. Wirth, B. Linz, J. Pritchard, and M. Stephens, Traces of Human Migrations in Helicobacter pylori Populations, Science, vol.299, issue.5612, pp.1582-1585, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1080857

M. Achtman, T. Azuma, D. Berg, Y. Ito, and G. Morelli, Recombination and clonal groupings within Helicobacter pylori from different geographical regions, Molecular Microbiology, vol.179, issue.3, pp.459-470, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/41483

Y. Moodley, B. Linz, Y. Yamaoka, H. Windsor, and S. Breurec, The Peopling of the Pacific from a Bacterial Perspective, Science, vol.323, issue.5913, pp.527-530, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1166083
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00583978

S. Devi, I. Ahmed, P. Francalacci, M. Hussain, and Y. Akhter, Ancestral European roots of Helicobacter pylori in India, BMC Genomics, vol.8, issue.1, p.184, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-8-184

C. Tay, H. Mitchell, Q. Dong, K. Goh, and I. Dawes, Population structure of Helicobacter pylori among ethnic groups in Malaysia: recent acquisition of the bacterium by the Malay population, BMC Microbiology, vol.9, issue.1, p.126, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2180-9-126

T. Wirth, X. Wang, B. Linz, R. Novick, and J. Lum, Distinguishing human ethnic groups by means of sequences from Helicobacter pylori: Lessons from Ladakh, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.14, pp.4746-4751, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0306629101

K. Momynaliev, V. Chelysheva, T. Akopian, O. Selezneva, and B. Linz, Population Identification of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Russia, Russian Journal of Genetics, vol.155, issue.10, pp.1434-1437, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11177-005-0217-3

Y. Liao, G. Guo, X. Mao, Q. Xie, and W. Zhang, Core Genome Haplotype Diversity and vacA Allelic Heterogeneity of Chinese Helicobacter pylori Strains, Current Microbiology, vol.7, issue.2, pp.123-129, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00284-009-9407-x

D. Falush, M. Stephens, and J. Pritchard, Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies, Genetics, vol.164, pp.1567-1587, 2003.

N. Rosenberg, distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure, Molecular Ecology Notes, vol.298, issue.1, pp.137-138, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00566.x

L. Excoffier, G. Laval, and S. Schneider, Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis, Evol Bioinform Online, vol.1, pp.47-50, 2005.

S. Latifi-navid, S. Ghorashi, F. Siavoshi, B. Linz, and S. Massarrat, Ethnic and Geographic Differentiation of Helicobacter pylori within Iran, PLoS ONE, vol.5, issue.3, p.9645, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0009645.s002

K. Tamura, J. Dudley, M. Nei, and S. Kumar, MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.24, issue.8, pp.1596-1599, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msm092
URL : http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/24/8/1596

C. Vlieland, The Population of the Malay Peninsula: A Study in Human Migration, Geographical Review, vol.24, issue.1, pp.61-78, 1934.
DOI : 10.2307/209494

N. Ahmed, U. Dobrindt, J. Hacker, and S. Hasnain, Genomic fluidity and pathogenic bacteria: applications in diagnostics, epidemiology and intervention, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.144, issue.5, pp.387-394, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.12.005

T. Uchida, L. Nguyen, A. Takayama, T. Okimoto, and M. Kodama, Analysis of virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori isolated from a Vietnamese population, BMC Microbiology, vol.9, issue.1, p.175, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2180-9-175

O. Ainoon, Y. Yu, A. Muhriz, A. Boo, N. Cheong et al., Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in Malaysian Malays, Human Mutation, vol.21, issue.1, p.101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/humu.9103

V. Laosombat, B. Sattayasevana, W. Janejindamai, V. Viprakasit, and T. Shirakawa, Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in the south of Thailand and identification of a novel variant (G6PD Songklanagarind), Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, vol.34, issue.2, pp.191-196, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcmd.2004.11.001

I. Nuchprayoon, C. Louicharoen, and W. Charoenvej, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations in Mon and Burmese of southern Myanmar, Journal of Human Genetics, vol.98, issue.1, pp.48-54, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10038-007-0217-3

D. Mohanty, M. Mukherjee, and R. Colah, Glucose???6???phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in India, The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, vol.42, issue.6, pp.525-529, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02724295

H. Matsuoka, C. Nguon, T. Kanbe, A. Jalloh, and H. Sato, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in Cambodia: G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) is the most common variant in the Cambodian population, Journal of Human Genetics, vol.8, issue.9, pp.468-472, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10038-005-0279-z

Y. Moodley and B. Linz, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Sequences Reflect Past Human Migrations, Genome Dyn, vol.6, pp.62-74, 2009.
DOI : 10.1159/000235763

P. Lewis, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International. 1248 p, 2009.

L. Sagart, R. Blench, and A. Sanchez-mazas, The peopling of East Asia: putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics, 2005.
DOI : 10.4324/9780203343685

L. Jin, M. Seielstad, and C. Xiao, Genetic, Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on Human Diversity in Southeast Asia. River Edge, 2001.

C. Higham, PREHISTORY, LANGUAGE AND HUMAN BIOLOGY: IS THERE A CONSENSUS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA?, Genetic, Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on Human Diversity in Southeast Asia, pp.3-16, 2001.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812810847_0001

C. Higham, Languages and farming dispersals: Austroasiatic languages and rice cultivation Examining the farming/ language dispersal hypothesis. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp.223-232, 2003.

C. Ghose, G. Perez-perez, M. Dominguez-bello, D. Pride, and C. Bravi, East Asian genotypes of Helicobacter pylori strains in Amerindians provide evidence for its ancient human carriage, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.23, pp.15107-15111, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.242574599

M. Dominguez-bello, M. Perez, M. Bortolini, F. Salzano, and L. Pericchi, Amerindian Helicobacter pylori Strains Go Extinct, as European Strains Expand Their Host Range, PLoS ONE, vol.67, issue.10, p.3307, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0003307.s003

Y. Yamaoka, E. Orito, M. Mizokami, O. Gutierrez, and N. Saitou, in North and South America before Columbus, FEBS Letters, vol.28, issue.1-3, pp.180-184, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02617-0

C. Ghose, G. Perez-perez, L. Van-doorn, M. Dominguez-bello, and M. Blaser, High Frequency of Gastric Colonization with Multiple Helicobacter pylori Strains in Venezuelan Subjects, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.43, issue.6, pp.2635-2641, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2635-2641.2005

S. Schwarz, G. Morelli, B. Kusecek, A. Manica, and F. Balloux, Horizontal versus Familial Transmission of Helicobacter pylori, PLoS Pathogens, vol.164, issue.10, p.1000180, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000180.s006
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000180

R. Morales-espinosa, G. Castillo-rojas, G. Gonzalez-valencia, S. Ponce-de-leon, and A. Cravioto, Colonization of Mexican patients by multiple Helicobacter pylori strains with different vacA and cagA genotypes, J Clin Microbiol, vol.37, pp.3001-3004, 1999.

R. Vilaichone, V. Mahachai, S. Tumwasorn, J. Wu, and D. Graham, Infection in Thailand: a Cultural Cross Roads, Helicobacter, vol.189, issue.5, pp.453-459, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00260.x

D. Parkin, International variation, Oncogene, vol.23, issue.38, pp.6329-6340, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1207726

J. Ferlay, H. Shin, F. Bray, D. Forman, and C. Mathers, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10 [Internet], International Agency for Research on Cancer Available, 2008.

K. Fock and T. Ang, infection and gastric cancer in Asia, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.24, issue.55, pp.479-486, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06188.x