N. W. Palm and R. Medzhitov, Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity, Immunological Reviews, vol.72, issue.1, pp.221-233, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00731.x

O. Takeuchi and S. Akira, Innate immunity to virus infection, Immunological Reviews, vol.451, issue.1, pp.75-86, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00737.x

B. A. Beutler, TLRs and innate immunity, Blood, vol.113, issue.7, pp.1399-1407, 2009.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2008-07-019307

A. Poltorak, X. He, I. Smirnova, M. Y. Liu, C. Van-huffel et al., Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene, Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene, pp.2085-2088, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5396.2085

E. Nishida and Y. Gotoh, The MAP kinase cascade is essential for diverse signal transduction pathways, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.18, issue.4, pp.128-131, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0968-0004(93)90019-J

B. Su and M. Karin, Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression, Current Opinion in Immunology, vol.8, issue.3, pp.402-411, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80131-2

T. Zarubin and J. Han, Activation and signaling of the p38 MAP kinase pathway, Cell Research, vol.62, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/ng894

S. M. Keyse, Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.186-192, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00075-7

D. M. Owens and S. M. Keyse, Differential regulation of MAP kinase signalling by dual-specificity protein phosphatases, Oncogene, vol.176, issue.22, pp.3203-3213, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274.50.35526

Y. Liu, E. G. Shepherd, and L. D. Nelin, MAPK phosphatases ??? regulating the immune response, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.56, issue.1, pp.202-212, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nri2035

J. J. Wu, L. Zhang, and A. M. Bennett, The Noncatalytic Amino Terminus of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Directs Nuclear Targeting and Serum Response Element Transcriptional Regulation, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.25, issue.11, pp.4792-4803, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.25.11.4792-4803.2005

C. C. Franklin and A. S. Kraft, Conditional Expression of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Phosphatase MKP-1 Preferentially Inhibits p38 MAPK and Stress-activated Protein Kinase in U937 Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.272, issue.27, pp.16917-16923, 1997.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.272.27.16917

K. V. Salojin, I. B. Owusu, K. A. Millerchip, M. Potter, K. A. Platt et al., Essential Role of MAPK Phosphatase-1 in the Negative Control of Innate Immune Responses, The Journal of Immunology, vol.176, issue.3, pp.1899-1907, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1899

M. Hammer, J. Mages, H. Dietrich, A. Servatius, N. Howells et al., Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) regulates a subset of LPS-induced genes and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.155, issue.1, pp.15-20, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.1.207

H. Chi, S. P. Barry, R. J. Roth, J. J. Wu, E. A. Jones et al., Dynamic regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in innate immune responses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.2274-2279, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0510965103

Q. Zhao, X. Wang, L. D. Nelin, Y. Yao, R. Matta et al., MAP kinase phosphatase 1 controls innate immune responses and suppresses endotoxic shock, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.16, issue.1, pp.131-140, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/ajplung.00194.2003
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2118076

E. Sánchez-tilló, M. Comalada, C. Farrera, A. F. Valledor, J. Lloberas et al., Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced Proliferation and Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Activation of Macrophages Requires Raf-1 Phosphorylation to Induce Mitogen Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression, The Journal of Immunology, vol.176, issue.11, pp.6594-6602, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6594

A. F. Valledor, J. Xaus, M. Comalada, C. Soler, and A. Celada, Protein Kinase C?? Is Required for the Induction of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages, The Journal of Immunology, vol.164, issue.1, pp.29-37, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.29

E. Sánchez-tilló, M. Comalada, J. Xaus, C. Farrera, A. F. Valledor et al., JNK1 Is Required for the Induction of Mkp1 Expression in Macrophages during Proliferation and Lipopolysaccharide-dependent Activation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.282, issue.17, pp.12566-12573, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M609662200

J. H. Hu, T. Chen, Z. H. Zhuang, L. Kong, M. C. Yu et al., Feedback control of MKP-1 expression by p38, Cellular Signalling, vol.19, issue.2, pp.393-400, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.07.010

V. Ambros, The functions of animal microRNAs, Nature, vol.2, issue.7006, pp.350-355, 2004.
DOI : 10.1261/rna.5235104

A. B. Shyu, M. F. Wilkinson, and A. Van-hoof, Messenger RNA regulation: to translate or to degrade, The EMBO Journal, vol.18, issue.3, pp.471-481, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601977
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241649

D. P. Bartel, MicroRNAs, Cell, vol.116, issue.2, pp.281-297, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00045-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00369966

J. Liu, Control of protein synthesis and mRNA degradation by microRNAs, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.214-221, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.01.006

W. Filipowicz, S. N. Bhattacharyya, and N. Sonenberg, Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight?, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.131, issue.2, pp.102-114, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg2290

N. Rajewsky, microRNA target predictions in animals, Nature Genetics, vol.438, issue.6s, pp.8-13, 2006.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.1165404

O. Connell, R. M. , A. A. Chaudhuri, D. S. Rao, and D. Baltimore, Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a primary target of miR-155, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.7113-7118, 2009.

K. D. Taganov, M. P. Boldin, K. J. Chang, and D. Baltimore, NF-kappaBdependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.12481-12486, 2006.

F. J. Sheedy and L. A. , Adding fuel to fire: microRNAs as a new class of mediators of inflammation, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.67, issue.Suppl 3, pp.50-55, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2008.100289

O. Connell, R. M. , K. D. Taganov, M. P. Boldin, G. Cheng et al., MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.1604-1609, 2007.

E. Tili, J. J. Michaille, A. Cimino, S. Costinean, C. D. Dumitru et al., Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b Levels following Lipopolysaccharide/TNF-?? Stimulation and Their Possible Roles in Regulating the Response to Endotoxin Shock, The Journal of Immunology, vol.179, issue.8, pp.5082-5089, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5082

D. J. Falcone and M. J. Ferenc, Acetyl-LDL stimulates macrophage-dependent plasminogen activation and degradation of extracellular matrix, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.272, issue.3, pp.387-396, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/jcp.1041350305

S. Griffiths-jones, miRBase: The MicroRNA Sequence Database, Methods Mol. Biol, vol.342, pp.129-138, 2006.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59745-123-1:129

B. P. Lewis, C. B. Burge, and D. P. , Conserved Seed Pairing, Often Flanked by Adenosines, Indicates that Thousands of Human Genes are MicroRNA Targets, Cell, vol.120, issue.1, pp.15-20, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.035

C. M. Croce, Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.124, issue.10, pp.704-714, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg2634

B. John, C. Sander, and D. S. Marks, Prediction of Human MicroRNA Targets, Methods Mol. Biol, vol.342, pp.101-113, 2006.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59745-123-1:101

X. Wang and Y. Liu, Regulation of innate immune response by MAP kinase phosphatase-1, Cellular Signalling, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1372-1382, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.013

P. J. Barnes, Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.533, issue.3, pp.183-192, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nri2254

D. N. Cook, D. S. Pisetsky, and D. A. Schwartz, Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease, Nature Immunology, vol.171, issue.10, pp.975-979, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00323-6

Y. Kuwano, H. H. Kim, K. Abdelmohsen, R. Pullmann, J. L. Jr et al., MKP-1 mRNA Stabilization and Translational Control by RNA-Binding Proteins HuR and NF90, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.28, issue.14, pp.4562-4575, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.00165-08
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2447119

H. X. An, A. Claas, L. Savelyeva, S. Seitz, P. Schlag et al., Two regions of deletion in 9p23-24 in sporadic breast cancer, Cancer Res, vol.59, pp.3941-3943, 1999.

G. Ragnarsson, G. Eiriksdottir, J. T. Johannsdottir, J. G. Jonasson, V. Egilsson et al., Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p in different solid human tumours: association with survival, British Journal of Cancer, vol.79, issue.9/10, pp.1468-1474, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690234

S. Varambally, Q. Cao, R. S. Mani, S. Shankar, X. Wang et al., Genomic Loss of microRNA-101 Leads to Overexpression of Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 in Cancer, Science, vol.322, issue.5908, pp.1695-1699, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1165395

A. Strillacci, C. Griffoni, P. Sansone, P. Paterini, G. Piazzi et al., MiR-101 downregulation is involved in cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in human colon cancer cells, Experimental Cell Research, vol.315, issue.8, pp.1439-1447, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.12.010

Y. Lee, R. C. Samaco, J. R. Gatchel, C. Thaller, H. T. Orr et al., miR-19, miR-101 and miR-130 co-regulate ATXN1 levels to potentially modulate SCA1 pathogenesis, Nature Neuroscience, vol.452, issue.10, pp.1137-1139, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nn.2183
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574629

F. Z. Wang, F. Weber, C. Croce, C. G. Liu, X. Liao et al., Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Alters the Expression of Cellular MicroRNA Species That Affect Its Replication, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.18, pp.9065-9074, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00961-08

T. Boutros, A. Nantel, A. Emadali, G. Tzimas, S. Conzen et al., The MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 MKP-1/DUSP1 Is a Regulator of Human Liver Response to Transplantation, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.77, issue.Database issue, pp.2558-2568, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02420.x

T. Fukao and S. Koyasu, PI3K and negative regulation of TLR signaling, Trends in Immunology, vol.24, issue.7, pp.358-363, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00139-X

T. Fukao, M. Tanabe, Y. Terauchi, T. Ota, S. Matsuda et al., PI3K-mediated negative feedback regulation of IL-12 production in DCs, Nature Immunology, vol.3, issue.9, pp.875-881, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/ni825

A. H. Kim, G. Khursigara, X. Sun, T. F. Franke, and M. V. Chao, Akt Phosphorylates and Negatively Regulates Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.21, issue.3, pp.893-901, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.21.3.893-901.2001
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86680

J. P. Gratton, M. Morales-ruiz, Y. Kureishi, D. Fulton, K. Walsh et al., Akt Down-regulation of p38 Signaling Provides a Novel Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-mediated Cytoprotection in Endothelial Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.32, pp.30359-30365, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M009698200

M. Guha and N. Mackman, The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway Limits Lipopolysaccharide Activation of Signaling Pathways and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Monocytic Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.277, issue.35, pp.32124-32132, 2002.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M203298200

J. F. Sanchez, L. F. Sniderhan, A. L. Williamson, S. S. Fan, S. Chakraborty-sett et al., Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3??-Mediated Apoptosis of Primary Cortical Astrocytes Involves Inhibition of Nuclear Factor ??B Signaling, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.23, issue.13, pp.4649-4662, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.23.13.4649-4662.2003

S. Okugawa, Y. Ota, T. Kitazawa, K. Nakayama, S. Yanagimoto et al., Janus kinase 2 is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of macrophages, AJP: Cell Physiology, vol.285, issue.2, pp.399-408, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2003

K. Leelawat, W. Udomchaiprasertkul, S. Narong, and S. Leelawat, Induction of MKP-1 prevents the cytotoxic effects of PI3K inhibition in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, vol.39, issue.3, pp.1537-1544, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00432-010-0811-1

A. Androulidaki, D. Iliopoulos, A. Arranz, C. Doxaki, S. Schworer et al., The Kinase Akt1 Controls Macrophage Response to Lipopolysaccharide by Regulating MicroRNAs, Immunity, vol.31, issue.2, pp.220-231, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.024

S. Arancibia, D. Benítez, L. E. Núñez, C. M. Jewell, P. Langjhar et al., Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor upon TLR2 activation, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol.48, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00958.x