M. Cutbush and P. L. Mollison, The Duffy blood group system, Heredity, vol.4, issue.3, pp.383-389, 1950.
DOI : 10.1038/hdy.1950.31

A. Mourant, Blood Relations: Blood Groups and Anthropology, 1983.

M. T. Hamblin, E. E. Thompson, and A. Di-rienzo, Complex Signatures of Natural Selection at the Duffy Blood Group Locus, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.70, issue.2, pp.369-383, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/338628

R. Carter, Speculations on the origins of Plasmodium vivax malaria, Trends in Parasitology, vol.19, issue.5, pp.214-219, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00070-9

R. Rosenberg, Plasmodium vivax in Africa: hidden in plain sight? Trends Parasitol, pp.193-196, 2007.

A. E. Mourant and K. Domaniewska-sobczak, The Use in Anthropology of Blood Groups and other Genetical Characters, The Journal of African History, vol.3, issue.02, pp.291-296, 1962.
DOI : 10.1017/S0021853700003133

L. H. Miller, S. J. Mason, D. F. Clyde, and M. H. Mcginniss, in Blacks, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.295, issue.6, pp.302-304, 1976.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM197608052950602

J. W. Barnwell, M. E. Nichols, and P. Rubinstein, In vitro evaluation of the role of the Duffy blood group in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.169, issue.5, pp.1795-1802, 1989.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.169.5.1795

S. P. Wertheimer and J. W. Barnwell, Plasmodium vivax interaction with the human Duffy blood group glycoprotein: Identification of a parasite receptor-like protein, Experimental Parasitology, vol.69, issue.3, pp.340-350, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4894(89)90083-0

L. H. Miller, S. J. Mason, J. A. Dvorak, M. H. Mcginniss, and I. K. Rothman, Erythrocyte receptors for (Plasmodium knowlesi) malaria: Duffy blood group determinants, Science, vol.189, issue.4202, pp.561-563, 1975.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1145213

M. A. Barber and W. H. Komp, The Seasonal and Regional Incidence of Types of Malaria Parasites, Public Health Reports (1896-1970), vol.44, issue.34, pp.2048-2057, 1896.
DOI : 10.2307/4579364

J. R. Ryan, Evidence for transmission of Plasmodium vivax among a Duffy antigen negative population in Western Kenya, Am. J. Hum. Genet, vol.75, pp.575-581, 2006.

C. E. Cavasini, Plasmodium vivax infection among Duffy antigen-negative individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region: an exception?, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.101, issue.10, pp.1042-1044, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.011

D. Ménard, Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.5967-5971, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0912496107

M. R. Galinski and J. W. Barnwell, Plasmodium vivax: who cares?, Malaria Journal, vol.7, issue.Suppl 1, p.9, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-7-S1-S9

URL : http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-s1-s9

C. A. Guerra, The International Limits and Population at Risk of Plasmodium vivax Transmission in 2009, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.73, issue.8, p.774, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000774.s004

D. J. Anstee, The relationship between blood groups and disease, Blood, vol.115, issue.23, pp.4635-4643, 2010.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2010-01-261859

K. Horne and I. J. Woolley, Shedding light on DARC: the role of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines in inflammation, infection and malignancy, Inflammation Research, vol.25, issue.8, pp.431-435, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00011-009-0023-9

N. M. Walley, The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines Null Promoter Variant Does Not Influence HIV-1 Acquisition or Disease Progression, Cell Host & Microbe, vol.5, issue.5, pp.408-410, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2009.04.011

W. He, Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines Mediates trans-Infection of HIV-1 from Red Blood Cells to Target Cells and Affects HIV-AIDS Susceptibility, Cell Host & Microbe, vol.4, issue.1, pp.52-62, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2008.06.002

R. P. Donahue, W. B. Bias, J. H. Renwick, and V. A. Mckusick, Probable assignment of the Duffy blood group locus to chromosome 1 in man., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 61, pp.949-955, 1968.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.61.3.949

D. M. Langhi, . Jr, and J. Bordin, Duffy blood group and malaria, Hematology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.389-398, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1977.tb00656.x

P. Zimmerman, A. in Infectious Disease and Host-Pathogen Evolution, pp.141-172, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00012724

P. A. Zimmerman, Emergence of FY*A null in a Plasmodium vivax-endemic region of Papua New Guinea, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, pp.13973-13977, 1999.

M. H. Sellami, Duffy blood group system genotyping in an urban Tunisian population, Annals of Human Biology, vol.96, issue.4, pp.406-415, 2008.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40030310.x

M. L. Olsson, The Fyx phenotype is associated with a missense mutation in the Fyb allele predicting Arg89Cys in the Duffy glycoprotein, British Journal of Haematology, vol.8, issue.4, pp.1184-1191, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00208965

L. L. Cavalli-sforza, P. Menozzi, and A. Piazza, The History and Geography of Human Genes, 1994.

M. T. Hamblin and A. Di-rienzo, Detection of the Signature of Natural Selection in Humans: Evidence from the Duffy Blood Group Locus, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.66, issue.5, pp.1669-1679, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/302879

S. I. Hay, A World Malaria Map: Plasmodium falciparum Endemicity in 2007, PLoS Medicine, vol.118, issue.3, p.1000048, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000048.sd009

C. Tournamille, Sequence, evolution and ligand binding properties of mammalian Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines, Immunogenetics, vol.55, issue.10, pp.682-694, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00251-003-0633-2

R. Carter and K. N. Mendis, Evolutionary and Historical Aspects of the Burden of Malaria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.15, issue.4, pp.564-594, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.15.4.564-594.2002

F. B. Livingstone, The Duffy blood groups, vivax malaria, and malaria selection in human populations: a review, Hum. Biol, vol.56, pp.413-425, 1984.

F. B. Piel, Global distribution of the sickle cell gene and geographical confirmation of the malaria hypothesis, Nature Communications, vol.7, issue.8, p.104, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms1104

B. Chown, M. Lewis, and H. Kaita, Duffy blood group system in Caucasians -evidence for a new allele, Am. J. Hum. Genet, vol.17, pp.384-389, 1965.

R. N. Price, Vivax malaria: neglected and not benign All rights reserved, Am. J. Hum. Genet. nATuRE CommunICATIons, vol.77, pp.79-87, 2007.

J. K. Baird, Severe and fatal vivax malaria challenges 'benign tertian malaria' dogma, Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, vol.77, issue.4, pp.251-252, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050128

R. L. Culleton, Failure to detect Plasmodium vivax in West and Central Africa by PCR species typing, Malaria Journal, vol.7, issue.1, p.174, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-7-174

R. Culleton, in the Republic of the Congo, West Central Africa, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.200, issue.9, pp.1465-1469, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/644510

D. L. Smith, F. E. Mckenzie, R. W. Snow, and S. I. Hay, Revisiting the Basic Reproductive Number for Malaria and Its Implications for Malaria Control, PLoS Biology, vol.28, issue.3, p.42, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050042.t002

C. Guerra, Assembling a global database of malaria parasite prevalence for the Malaria Atlas Project, Malaria Journal, vol.6, issue.1, p.17, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-6-17

S. I. Hay and R. W. Snow, The Malaria Atlas Project: Developing Global Maps of Malaria Risk, PLoS Medicine, vol.22, issue.12, p.473, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030473.g001

A. E. Mourant, A. C. Kope?, and K. Domaniewska-sobczak, The Distribution of the Human Blood Groups and other Polymorphisms, 1976.

P. J. Diggle, J. A. Tawn, and R. A. Moyeed, Model-based geostatistics, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), vol.47, issue.3, pp.299-326, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9876.00113

P. W. Gething, A. P. Patil, and S. I. Hay, Quantifying Aggregated Uncertainty in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Prevalence and Populations at Risk via Efficient Space-Time Geostatistical Joint Simulation, PLoS Computational Biology, vol.35, issue.4, p.1000724, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000724.s001

G. Hardy, MENDELIAN PROPORTIONS IN A MIXED POPULATION, Science, vol.28, issue.706, pp.49-50, 1908.
DOI : 10.1126/science.28.706.49

W. Weinberg, Über den nachweis der vererbung beim menschen, Jahresh. Wuertt. Verh. Vaterl. Naturkd, vol.64, pp.369-382, 1908.