M. Lamarche, B. Wanner, S. Crepin, and J. Harel, The phosphate regulon and bacterial virulence: a regulatory network connecting phosphate homeostasis and pathogenesis, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.32, issue.3, pp.461-473, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00101.x

B. Wanner, R. Neidhardt, J. Ingraham, E. Lin, K. Low et al., Phosphorus assimilation and control of the phosphate regulon In Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology

E. Ron, Host specificity of septicemic Escherichia coli: human and avian pathogens, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.28-32
DOI : 10.1016/j.mib.2005.12.001

M. Lamarche, C. Dozois, F. Daigle, M. Caza, R. Curtiss et al., Inactivation of the Pst System Reduces the Virulence of an Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 Strain, Infection and Immunity, vol.73, issue.7, pp.734138-4145, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.73.7.4138-4145.2005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00720810

F. Daigle, J. Fairbrother, and J. Harel, Identification of a mutation in the pst-phoU operon that reduces pathogenicity of an Escherichia coli strain causing septicemia in pigs, Infect Immun, vol.63, issue.12, pp.4924-4927, 1995.

C. Dozois, F. Daigle, and R. Curtiss, Identification of pathogen-specific and conserved genes expressed in vivo by an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.1, pp.247-252, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.232686799

F. Bahrani-mougeot, E. Buckles, C. Lockatell, J. Hebel, D. Johnson et al., Type 1 fimbriae and extracellular polysaccharides are preeminent uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence determinants in the murine urinary tract, Molecular Microbiology, vol.65, issue.4, pp.1079-1093, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01276.x

M. Khan and R. Isaacson, Identification of Escherichia coli Genes That Are Specifically Expressed in a Murine Model of Septicemic Infection, Infection and Immunity, vol.70, issue.7, pp.3404-3412, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.70.7.3404-3412.2002

J. Baek and S. Lee, Transcriptome analysis of phosphate starvation response in Escherichia coli, J Microbiol Biotechnol, vol.17, issue.2, pp.244-252, 2007.

R. Vanbogelen, E. Olson, B. Wanner, and F. Neidhardt, Global analysis of proteins synthesized during phosphorus restriction in Escherichia coli., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.178, issue.15, pp.4344-4366, 1996.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.178.15.4344-4366.1996

D. Marc, A. P. Bree, A. Dho-moulin, and M. , Colonization ability and pathogenic properties of a fim??? mutant of an avian strain of Escherichia coli, Research in Microbiology, vol.149, issue.7, pp.473-485, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0923-2508(98)80002-8

D. Provence and R. Curtiss, Role of crl in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: a knockout mutation of crl does not affect hemagglutination activity, fibronectin binding, or Curli production, Infect Immun, issue.11, pp.604460-4467, 1992.

B. Bolstad, R. Irizarry, M. Astrand, and T. Speed, A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias, Bioinformatics, vol.19, issue.2, pp.185-193, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/19.2.185

M. Blazejczyk, M. Miron, and R. Nadon, FlexArray: A statistical data analysis software for gene expression microarrays, Genome Quebec Genome Quebec, 2007.

R. Irizarry, B. Bolstad, C. F. Cope, L. Hobbs, B. Speed et al., Summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.31, issue.4, pp.31-46, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gng015

J. Peterson, L. Umayam, T. Dickinson, E. Hickey, and O. White, The Comprehensive Microbial Resource, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.29, issue.1, pp.123-125, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/29.1.123

K. Livak and T. Schmittgen, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method, pp.402-408, 2001.

A. Blanco, M. Sola, F. Gomis-ruth, and M. Coll, Tandem DNA Recognition by PhoB, a Two-Component Signal Transduction Transcriptional Activator, Structure, vol.10, issue.5, pp.701-713, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00761-X

Z. Yuan, R. Zaheer, R. Morton, and T. Finan, Genome prediction of PhoB regulated promoters in Sinorhizobium meliloti and twelve proteobacteria, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.34, issue.9, pp.2686-2697, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkl365

M. Sabri, M. Caza, J. Proulx, M. Lymberopoulos, A. Bree et al., Contribution of the SitABCD, MntH, and FeoB Metal Transporters to the Virulence of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 Strain ??7122, Infection and Immunity, vol.76, issue.2, pp.601-611, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00789-07
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00720797

M. Lymberopoulos, S. Houle, F. Daigle, S. Leveille, A. Bree et al., Characterization of Stg Fimbriae from an Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78:K80 Strain and Assessment of Their Contribution to Colonization of the Chicken Respiratory Tract, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.188, issue.18
DOI : 10.1128/JB.00453-06
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00720804

U. Laemmli, Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4, Nature, vol.244, issue.5259, pp.680-685
DOI : 10.1038/227680a0

C. Dozois, S. Pourbakhsh, and J. Fairbrother, Expression of P and type 1 (F1) fimbriae in pathogenic Escherichia coli from poultry, Veterinary Microbiology, vol.45, issue.4, pp.297-309, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00127-I

A. Torriani, Influence of inorganic phosphate in the formation of phosphatases by Escherichia coli, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol.38, pp.460-469, 1960.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91281-6

T. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, Y. Wannemuehler, P. Mangiamele, S. Johnson et al., The genome sequence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain O1:K1:H7 shares strong similarities with human extraintestinal pathogenic E

R. Hengge-aronis, Signal Transduction and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Control of the ??S (RpoS) Subunit of RNA Polymerase, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.66, issue.3, pp.373-395, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.66.3.373-395.2002

P. Loewen, B. Hu, J. Strutinsky, and R. Sparling, Regulation in the <i>rpoS</i> regulon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol.44, issue.8, pp.707-717, 1998.
DOI : 10.1139/cjm-44-8-707

A. Bougdour, S. Wickner, and S. Gottesman, Modulating RssB activity: IraP, a novel regulator of ??S stability in Escherichia coli, Genes & Development, vol.20, issue.7, pp.884-897, 2006.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.1400306

S. Altuvia, D. Weinstein-fischer, A. Zhang, L. Postow, and G. Storz, A Small, Stable RNA Induced by Oxidative Stress: Role as a Pleiotropic Regulator and Antimutator, Cell, vol.90, issue.1, pp.43-53, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80312-8

A. Bougdour and S. Gottesman, ppGpp regulation of RpoS degradation via anti-adaptor protein IraP, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.31, pp.12896-901, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0705561104

G. Storz and J. Imlay, Oxidative stress, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol.2, issue.2, pp.188-194, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80033-2

B. Tjaden, S. Goodwin, J. Opdyke, M. Guillier, D. Fu et al., Target prediction for small, noncoding RNAs in bacteria, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.34, issue.9, pp.2791-2802, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkl356

P. Moreau, Diversion of the Metabolic Flux from Pyruvate Dehydrogenase to Pyruvate Oxidase Decreases Oxidative Stress during Glucose Metabolism in Nongrowing Escherichia coli Cells Incubated under Aerobic, Phosphate Starvation Conditions, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.186, issue.21, pp.7364-7368, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.186.21.7364-7368.2004

P. Moreau, F. Gerard, N. Lutz, and P. Cozzone, Non-growing Escherichia coli cells starved for glucose or phosphate use different mechanisms to survive oxidative stress???, Molecular Microbiology, vol.176, issue.4, pp.1048-1060, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02303.x

E. Buckles, X. Wang, C. Lockatell, D. Johnson, and M. Donnenberg, PhoU enhances the ability of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 to colonize the murine urinary tract, Microbiology, vol.152, issue.1, pp.153-160, 2006.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.28281-0

F. Hommais, E. Krin, J. Coppee, C. Lacroix, E. Yeramian et al., GadE (YhiE): a novel activator involved in the response to acid environment in Escherichia coli, Microbiology, vol.150, issue.1, pp.61-72, 2004.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.26659-0

A. Mates, A. Sayed, and J. Foster, Products of the Escherichia coli Acid Fitness Island Attenuate Metabolite Stress at Extremely Low pH and Mediate a Cell Density-Dependent Acid Resistance, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.189, issue.7, pp.2759-2768, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.01490-06

J. Foster, Escherichia coli acid resistance: tales of an amateur acidophile, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.48, issue.11, pp.898-907, 2004.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.mi.39.100185.001251

P. Moreau, The Lysine Decarboxylase CadA Protects Escherichia coli Starved of Phosphate against Fermentation Acids, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.189, issue.6, pp.2249-2261, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.01306-06

E. Suziedeliene, K. Suziedelis, V. Garbenciute, and S. Normark, The acidinducible asr gene in Escherichia coli: transcriptional control by the phoBR operon, J Bacteriol, vol.181, issue.7, pp.2084-2093, 1999.

L. Reitzer, Catabolism of amino acids and related compounds. Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology Online Version, 2005.

J. Deutscher, C. Francke, and P. Postma, How Phosphotransferase System-Related Protein Phosphorylation Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism in Bacteria, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.70, issue.4, pp.939-1031, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.00024-06
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00164056

C. Vanderpool, Physiological consequences of small RNA-mediated regulation of glucose-phosphate stress, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol.10, issue.2, pp.146-151, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mib.2007.03.011

C. Vanderpool and S. Gottesman, Involvement of a novel transcriptional activator and small RNA in post-transcriptional regulation of the glucose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system, Molecular Microbiology, vol.50, issue.4, pp.1076-1089, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04348.x

W. Boos, [4] Binding protein-dependent ABC transport system for glycerol 3-phosphate of Escherichia coli, Methods Enzymol, vol.292, pp.40-51, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)92006-7

B. Bukau and A. Horwich, The Hsp70 and Hsp60 Chaperone Machines, Cell, vol.92, issue.3, pp.351-366, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80928-9

A. Mogk, E. Deuerling, S. Vorderwulbecke, E. Vierling, and B. Bukau, Small heat shock proteins, ClpB and the DnaK system form a functional triade in reversing protein aggregation, Molecular Microbiology, vol.274, issue.2, pp.585-595, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03710.x

D. Johnson, D. Dean, A. Smith, and M. Johnson, STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND FORMATION OF BIOLOGICAL IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.74, issue.1, pp.247-281, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133518

A. Barron, J. Jung, and M. Villarejo, Purification and characterization of a glycine betaine binding protein from Escherichia coli, J Biol Chem, vol.262, issue.24, pp.11841-11846, 1987.

W. Boos, U. Ehmann, E. Bremer, A. Middendorf, and P. Postma, Trehalase of Escherichia coli. Mapping and cloning of its structural gene and identification of the enzyme as a periplasmic protein induced under high osmolarity growth conditions, J Biol Chem, issue.27, pp.26213212-13218, 1987.

A. Weber, S. Kogl, and K. Jung, Time-Dependent Proteome Alterations under Osmotic Stress during Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth in Escherichia coli, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.188, issue.20, pp.7165-7175, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.00508-06

M. Lamarche, S. Kim, S. Crepin, M. Mourez, N. Bertrand et al., Modulation of Hexa-Acyl Pyrophosphate Lipid A Population under Escherichia coli Phosphate (Pho) Regulon Activation, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.190, issue.15, pp.1905256-5264, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.01536-07

H. Lee, F. Hsu, J. Turk, and E. Groisman, The PmrA-Regulated pmrC Gene Mediates Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Lipid A and Polymyxin Resistance in Salmonella enterica, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.186, issue.13, pp.4124-4133, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.186.13.4124-4133.2004

K. Nishino, F. Hsu, J. Turk, M. Cromie, M. Wosten et al., Identification of the lipopolysaccharide modifications controlled by the Salmonella PmrA/PmrB system mediating resistance to Fe(III) and Al(III), Molecular Microbiology, vol.240, issue.3
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M106960200

T. Touze, A. Tran, J. Hankins, D. Mengin-lecreulx, and M. Trent, Periplasmic phosphorylation of lipid A is linked to the synthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate, Molecular Microbiology, vol.276, issue.2, pp.264-277, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06044.x

C. Raetz, C. Reynolds, M. Trent, and R. Bishop, Lipid A Modification Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.76, issue.1, pp.295-329, 2007.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biochem.76.010307.145803

M. Valvano, Undecaprenyl phosphate recycling comes out of age, Molecular Microbiology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.232-235, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06052.x

F. Dziva, P. Van-diemen, M. Stevens, A. Smith, and T. Wallis, Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis, Microbiology, vol.150, issue.11, pp.3631-3645, 2004.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.27448-0

J. Kaper, J. Nataro, and H. Mobley, Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.63, issue.2, pp.123-140, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.1.315-324.2001

M. Schembri and P. Klemm, Biofilm Formation in a Hydrodynamic Environment by Novel FimH Variants and Ramifications for Virulence, Infection and Immunity, vol.69, issue.3, pp.1322-1328, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1322-1328.2001

G. Ulett, A. Mabbett, K. Fung, R. Webb, and M. Schembri, The role of F9 fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in biofilm formation, Microbiology, vol.153, issue.7, pp.2321-2331, 2007.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.2006/004648-0

P. Van-diemen, F. Dziva, M. Stevens, and T. Wallis, Identification of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26:H- Genes Required for Intestinal Colonization in Calves, Infection and Immunity, vol.73, issue.3, pp.1735-1743, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1735-1743.2005

C. Dozois, N. Chanteloup, M. Dho-moulin, A. Bree, C. Desautels et al., Bacterial Colonization and in vivo Expression of F1 (Type 1) Fimbrial Antigens in Chickens Experimentally Infected with Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Avian Diseases, vol.38, issue.2, pp.231-239, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/1591942

S. Pourbakhsh, M. Dho-moulin, A. Bree, C. Desautels, B. Martineau-doize et al., Localization of the in vivo expression of P and F1 fimbriae in chickens experimentally inoculated with pathogenic Escherichia coli, Microb Pathog, issue.6, pp.22331-341, 1997.

M. Mulvey, Adhesion and entry of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Cellular Microbiology, vol.114, issue.5, pp.257-271, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2009-2015.2000

D. Gally, J. Bogan, B. Eisenstein, and I. Blomfield, Environmental regulation of the fim switch controlling type 1 fimbrial phase variation in Escherichia coli K-12: effects of temperature and media., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.175, issue.19, pp.1756186-6193, 1993.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.175.19.6186-6193.1993

W. Schwan, J. Lee, F. Lenard, B. Matthews, and M. Beck, Osmolarity and pH Growth Conditions Regulate fim Gene Transcription and Type 1 Pilus Expression in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Infection and Immunity, vol.70, issue.3, pp.1391-1402, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.70.3.1391-1402.2002