I. Adler, Comparison of the duration of spermatogenesis between male rodents and humans, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.352, issue.1-2, pp.169-172, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00223-5

D. Anderson and R. Fisher, Sources of dioxins in the United Kingdom: the steel industry and other sources, Chemosphere, vol.46, issue.3, pp.371-381, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00178-3

A. Aragon, P. Kopf, M. Campen, J. Huwe, and M. Walker, -tetrachlo- rodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure: effects on fetal and adult cardiac gene expression and adult cardiac and renal morphology, Toxicol Sci, vol.237, issue.101, pp.321-330, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00408916

N. Atanassova, M. Walker, C. Mckinnell, J. Fisher, and R. Sharpe, Evidence that androgens and oestrogens, as well as follicle-stimulating hormone, can alter Sertoli cell number in the neonatal rat, Journal of Endocrinology, vol.184, issue.1, pp.107-117, 2005.
DOI : 10.1677/joe.1.05884

J. Auger, J. Kunstmann, F. Czyglik, and P. Jouannet, Decline in Semen Quality among Fertile Men in Paris during the Past 20 Years, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.332, issue.5, pp.281-285, 1995.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199502023320501

L. Aylward, J. Lamb, and S. Lewis, Issues in Risk Assessment for Developmental Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and Related Compounds, Toxicological Sciences, vol.87, issue.1, pp.3-10, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfi236

A. Baccarelli, A. Pesatori, D. Consonni, P. Mocarelli, . Pattersondgjr et al., Health status and plasma dioxin levels in chloracne cases 20 years after the Seveso, Italy accident, British Journal of Dermatology, vol.123, issue.3, pp.459-465, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03846.x

A. Baccarelli, R. Pfeiffer, D. Consonni, A. Pesatori, M. Bonzini et al., Handling of dioxin measurement data in the presence of non-detectable values: Overview of available methods and their application in the Seveso chloracne study, Chemosphere, vol.60, issue.7, pp.898-906, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.055

N. Barlow and P. Foster, Pathogenesis of Male Reproductive Tract Lesions from Gestation Through Adulthood Following in Utero Exposure to Di(n-butyl) Phthalate, Toxicologic Pathology, vol.46, issue.4, pp.397-410, 2003.
DOI : 10.1080/01926230390202335

D. Bell, S. Clode, M. Fan, A. Fernandes, P. Foster et al., Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Developing Male Wistar(Han) Rat. I: No Decrease in Epididymal Sperm Count after a Single Acute Dose, Toxicological Sciences, vol.99, issue.1, pp.214-223, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfm140

D. Bell, S. Clode, M. Fan, A. Fernandes, P. Foster et al., Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Developing Male Wistar(Han) Rat. II: Chronic Dosing Causes Developmental Delay, Toxicological Sciences, vol.99, issue.1, pp.224-233, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfm141

D. Bell, S. Clode, M. Fan, A. Fernandes, P. Foster et al., Relationships between Tissue Levels of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), mRNAs, and Toxicity in the Developing Male Wistar(Han) Rat, Toxicological Sciences, vol.99, issue.2, pp.591-604, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfm179

L. Birnbaum, Endocrine effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs, dioxins, and other xenobiotics: implications for policy and future research, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.102, issue.8, pp.676-679, 1994.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.94102676

L. Birnbaum, M. Harris, L. Stocking, A. Clark, and R. Morrissey, Retinoic acid and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin selectively enhance teratogenesis in C57BL/6N mice, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.98, issue.3, pp.487-500, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(89)90177-4

D. Bjerke, T. Brown, N. Maclusky, R. Hochberg, and . Petersonre, Partial Demasculinization and Feminization of Sex Behavior in Male Rats by in Utero and Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Is Not Associated with Alterations in Estrogen Receptor Binding or Volumes of Sexually Differentiated Brain, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.127, issue.2, pp.258-267, 1994.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1994.1160

D. Bjerke and R. Peterson, Reproductive Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Male Rats: Different Effects of in Utero Versus Lactational Exposure, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.127, issue.2, pp.241-249, 1994.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1994.1158

E. Carlsen, A. Giwercman, N. Keiding, and N. Skakkebaek, Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years., BMJ, vol.305, issue.6854, pp.609-613, 1992.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609

I. Chahoud, J. Hartmann, G. Rune, and D. Neubert, Reproductive toxicity and toxicokinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Archives of Toxicology, vol.62, issue.9???12, pp.567-572, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01973387

I. Chahoud, R. Krowke, A. Schimmel, H. Merker, and D. Neubert, Reproductive toxicity and pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Archives of Toxicology, vol.76, issue.6, pp.432-439, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00316444

F. Comhaire, A. Mahmoud, and F. Schoonjans, Sperm quality, birth rates and the environment in Flanders (Belgium), Reproductive Toxicology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.133-137, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.11.001

T. Cooper, C. Teung, R. Jones, M. Orgebin-crist, and B. Robaire, Rebuttal of a role for the epididymis in sperm quality control by phagocytosis of defective sperm, J Cell Sci, vol.115, pp.5-7, 2002.

D. Cyr, M. Gregory, J. Dufresnes, E. Dube, P. Chan et al., Orchestration of occludins, claudins, catenins and cadherins as players involved in maintenance of the blood-epididymal barrier in animals and humans, Asian Journal of Andrology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.463-475, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00308.x

D. Celis, R. Feria-velasco, A. Gonzalez-unzaga, M. Torres-calleja, J. Pedron-nuevo et al., Semen quality of workers occupationally exposed to hydrocarbons, Fertility and Sterility, vol.73, issue.2, pp.221-228, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00515-4

D. Gendt, K. Swinnen, J. Saunders, P. Schoonjans, L. Dewerchinm et al., A Sertoli cell-selective knockout of the androgen receptor causes spermatogenic arrest in meiosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.5, pp.1327-1332, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308114100

W. Dhooge, N. Van-larebeke, G. Koppen, V. Nelen, G. Schoeters et al., Serum Dioxin-Like Activity is Associated with Reproductive Parameters in Young Men from the General Flemish Population, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.114, pp.1670-1676, 2006.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.9224

W. Foster, Reproductive effects of paternal exposure to chlorophenate wood preservatives in the sawmill industry, Scand J Work Environ Health, vol.22, pp.267-273, 1996.

K. Dolwick, J. Schmidt, L. Carver, H. Swanson, and . Bradfieldca, Cloning and expression of a human Ah receptor cDNA, Mol Pharmacol, vol.44, pp.911-917, 1993.

B. Eskenazi, P. Mocarelli, M. Warner, S. Samuels, P. Vercellini et al., Seveso Women???s Health Study: a study of the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive health, Chemosphere, vol.40, issue.9-11, pp.1247-1253, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00376-8

B. Eskenazi, A. Wyrobek, L. Fenster, D. Katz, M. Sadler et al., A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on semen quality in dry cleaning workers, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.40, issue.5, pp.575-591, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.4700200502

F. Fan and K. Rozman, Short- and long-term biochemical effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in female Long-Evans rat, Toxicology Letters, vol.75, issue.1-3, pp.209-216, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-4274(94)03182-7

A. Faqi and I. Chahoud, Antiestrogenic Effects of Low Doses of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in Offspring of Female Rats Exposed Throughout Pregnancy and Lactation, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.61, issue.4, pp.462-469, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s001289900785

A. Faqi, P. Dalsenter, H. Merker, and I. Chahoud, Reproductive Toxicity and Tissue Concentrations of Low Doses of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin in Male Offspring Rats Exposed Throughout Pregnancy and Lactation, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.150, issue.2, pp.383-392, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1998.8433

M. Fisher, M. Nagarkatti, and P. Nagarkatti, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in epididydimal spermatozoa by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), Toxicology Letters, vol.157, issue.2, pp.99-107, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.01.008

J. Flaws, R. Sommer, E. Silbergeld, R. Peterson, and . Hirshfieldan, and Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo--dioxin (TCDD) Induces Genital Dysmorphogenesis in the Female Rat, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.147, issue.2, pp.351-362, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1997.8295

W. Foster, A. Holloway, C. Hughes, and . Jr, Dioxin-like activity and maternal thyroid hormone levels in second trimester maternal serum, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.193, issue.6, pp.1900-1907, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.013

J. Grassman, S. Masten, N. Walker, and G. Lucier, Animal models of human response to dioxins, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.106, issue.Suppl 2, pp.761-775, 1998.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.98106761

L. Gray, . Jr, W. Kelce, E. Monosson, J. Ostby et al., Exposure to TCDD During Development Permanently Alters Reproductive Function in Male Long-Evans Rats and Hamsters: Reduced Ejaculated and Epididymal Sperm Numbers and Sex Accessory Gland Weights in Offspring with Normal Androgenic Status, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.131, issue.1, pp.108-118, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1995.1052

L. Gray, . Jr, and J. Ostby, In Utero 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Alters Reproductive Morphology and Function in Female Rat Offspring, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.133, issue.2, pp.285-294, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1995.1153

L. Gray, J. Ostby, and W. Kelce, A Dose???Response Analysis of the Reproductive Effects of a Single Gestational Dose of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Male Long Evans Hooded Rat Offspring, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.146, issue.1, pp.11-20, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1997.8223

L. Gray, C. Wolf, P. Mann, and J. Ostby, In UteroExposure to Low Doses of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Alters Reproductive Development of Female Long Evans Hooded Rat Offspring, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.146, issue.2, pp.237-244, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1997.8222

Y. Guo, P. Hsu, C. Hsu, and G. Lambert, Semen quality after prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans, The Lancet, vol.356, issue.9237, pp.1240-1241, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02792-6

T. Halldorsson, I. Thorsdottir, H. Meltzer, M. Strom, and S. Olsen, Dioxin-like activity in plasma among Danish pregnant women: Dietary predictors, birth weight and infant development, Environmental Research, vol.109, issue.1, pp.22-28, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.011

P. Harper, R. Prokipcak, L. Bush, C. Golas, and A. Okey, Detection and characterization of the Ah receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.290, issue.1, pp.27-36, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90587-9

J. Heilier, J. Donnez, F. Nackers, R. Rousseau, V. Verougstraete et al., Environmental and host-associated risk factors in endometriosis and deep endometriotic nodules: A matched case???control study, Environmental Research, vol.103, issue.1, pp.121-129, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2006.04.004

I. Heimler, A. Trewin, C. Chaffin, R. Rawlins, and R. Hutz, Modulation of ovarian follicle maturation and effects on apoptotic cell death in holtzman rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) in utero and lactationally, Reproductive Toxicology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.69-73, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)00101-9

E. Henry and T. Gasiewicz, Changes in thyroid hormones and thyroxine glucuronidation in hamsters compared with rats following treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.89, issue.2, pp.165-174, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90037-8

R. Hess, The efferent ductules: structure and functions. In: The Epididymis: From Molecules to Clinical Practice, pp.49-80, 2002.

R. Hess, D. Schaeffer, V. Eroschenko, and J. Keen, Frequency of the Stages in the Cycle of the Seminiferous Epithelium in the Rat1, Biology of Reproduction, vol.43, issue.3, pp.517-524, 1990.
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod43.3.517

L. Hewitt, J. Parrott, and M. Mcmaster, A Decade of Research on the Environmental Impacts of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents in Canada: Sources and Characteristics of Bioactive Substances, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, vol.13, issue.4, pp.341-356, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/es00008a037

J. Hogaboam, A. Moore, and B. Lawrence, The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Affects Distinct Tissue Compartments during Ontogeny of the Immune System, Toxicological Sciences, vol.102, issue.1, pp.160-170, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfm283

L. Hoogenboom, J. Van-eijkeren, M. Zeilmaker, . Mengelersmj, R. Herbes et al., A novel source for dioxins present in recycled fat from gelatin production, Chemosphere, vol.68, issue.5, pp.814-823, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.032

S. Irvine, E. Cawood, D. Richardson, E. Macdonald, and J. Aitken, Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years, BMJ, vol.312, issue.7029, pp.467-471, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.312.7029.467

R. Ishimura, T. Kawakami, S. Ohsako, K. Nohara, and C. Tohyama, Suppressive Effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on Vascular Remodeling That Takes Place in the Normal Labyrinth Zone of Rat Placenta during Late Gestation, Toxicological Sciences, vol.91, issue.1, pp.265-274, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfj138

L. Johnson, R. Dickerson, S. Safe, C. Nyberg, R. Lewis et al., Reduced Leydig cell volume and function in adult rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin without a significant effect on spermatogenesis, Toxicology, vol.76, issue.2, pp.103-118, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90158-B

H. Johnston, P. Baker, M. Abel, H. Charlton, and J. G. Flemingl, Regulation of Sertoli Cell Number and Activity by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Androgen during Postnatal Development in the Mouse, Endocrinology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.318-329, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2003-1055

F. Joint and . Who, Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization) Expert Committee on Food Additives Fifty-Seventh Meeting, Summary and Conclusions. Available, pp.5-14, 2001.

N. Jorgensen, A. Andersen, F. Eustache, D. Irvine, J. Suominen et al., Regional differences in semen quality in Europe, Human Reproduction, vol.16, issue.5, pp.1012-1019, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/16.5.1012

N. Jorgensen, C. Asklund, E. Carlsen, and N. Skakkebaek, Coordinated European investigations of semen quality: results from studies of Scandinavian young men is a matter of concern, International Journal of Andrology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.54-61, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00523.x

N. Jorgensen, E. Carlsen, I. Nermoen, M. Punab, J. Suominen et al., East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area: a study of men from the general population in Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland, Human Reproduction, vol.17, issue.8, pp.2199-2208, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/17.8.2199

T. Kawakami, R. Ishimura, K. Nohara, K. Takeda, C. Tohyama et al., Differential susceptibilities of Holtzman and Sprague???Dawley rats to fetal death and placental dysfunction induced by 2,3,7,8-teterachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) despite the identical primary structure of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.212, issue.3, pp.224-236, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.007

M. Kohn, EFFECTS OF TCDD ON THYROID HORMONE HOMEOSTASIS IN THE RAT, Drug and Chemical Toxicology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.259-277, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90134-7

A. Kollara and T. Brown, Functional interaction of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 with aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.346, issue.2, pp.526-534, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.148

C. Koopman-esseboom, D. Morse, N. Weisglas-kuperus, I. Lutkeschipholt, C. Van-der-paauw et al., Effects of Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Thyroid Hormone Status of Pregnant Women and Their Infants, Pediatric Research, vol.36, issue.4, pp.468-473, 1994.
DOI : 10.1203/00006450-199410000-00009

C. Koopman-esseboom, N. Weisglas-kuperus, M. De-ridder, C. Van-der-paauw, L. Tuinstra et al., Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl/dioxin exposure and feeding type on infants' mental and psychomotor development, Pediatrics, vol.97, pp.700-706, 1996.

J. Larsen, Risk assessments of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in food, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol.60, issue.9, pp.885-896, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mnfr.200500247

M. Leijs, J. Koppe, K. Olie, W. Van-aalderen, P. Voogt et al., Delayed initiation of breast development in girls with higher prenatal dioxin exposure; a longitudinal cohort study, Chemosphere, vol.73, issue.6, pp.999-1004, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.053

W. Li, P. Harper, B. Tang, and A. Okey, Regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human cells, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.56, issue.5, pp.599-612, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00208-1

L. Lin, W. Lee, and G. Chang-chien, -Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Industrial Sources, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, vol.56, issue.12, pp.1707-1715, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464575
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00109057

I. Loeffler and R. Peterson, Interactive Effects of TCDD andp,p???-DDE on Male Reproductive Tract Development inin Uteroand Lactationally Exposed Rats, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.154, issue.1, pp.28-39, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1998.8572

M. Longnecker and J. Michalek, Serum Dioxin Level in Relation to Diabetes Mellitus among Air Force Veterans with Background Levels of Exposure, Epidemiology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.44-48, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-200001000-00010

T. Mably, D. Bjerke, R. Moore, A. Gendron-fitzpatrick, and . Petersonre, In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.114, issue.1, pp.118-126, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90103-Y

T. Mably, R. Moore, R. Goy, and R. Peterson, In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.114, issue.1, pp.108-117, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90102-X

T. Mably, R. Moore, and R. Peterson, In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.114, issue.1, pp.97-107, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90101-W

C. Mckinnell, N. Atanassova, K. Williams, J. Fisher, . Walkerm et al., Suppression of androgen action and the induction of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract in male rats treated neonatally with diethylstil-besterol, J Androl, vol.22, pp.323-338, 2000.

J. Michalek, J. Pirkle, S. Caudill, R. Tripathi, D. Patterson et al., PHARMACOKINETICS OF TCDD IN VETERANS OF OPERATION RANCH HAND: 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol.47, issue.3, pp.209-220, 1996.
DOI : 10.1080/009841096161744

J. Michalek, J. Pirkle, L. Needham, D. Patterson, . Jr et al., Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Seveso adults and veterans of operation Ranch Hand, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.44-53, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jea.7500201

J. Michalek, R. Tripathi, S. Caudill, and J. Pirkle, Investigation of TCDD half???life heterogeneity in veterans of operation ranch hand, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol.264, issue.1, pp.29-38, 1992.
DOI : 10.1080/15287399209531591

P. Mocarelli, P. Brambilla, P. Gerthoux, D. Patterson, . Jr et al., Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin, The Lancet, vol.348, issue.9024, p.409, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65030-1

P. Mocarelli, P. Gerthoux, E. Ferrari, D. Patterson, . Jr et al., Paternal concentrations of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring, The Lancet, vol.355, issue.9218, pp.1858-1863, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02290-X

P. Mocarelli, P. Gerthoux, D. Patterson, . Jr, S. Milani et al., Dioxin Exposure, from Infancy through Puberty, Produces Endocrine Disruption and Affects Human Semen Quality, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.116, issue.1, pp.70-77, 2008.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.10399
URL : http://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10399

R. Moore, C. Potter, H. Theobald, J. Robinson, and . Petersonre, Androgenic deficiency in male rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.79, issue.1, pp.99-111, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(85)90372-2

D. Morrow, C. Qin, R. Smith, and S. Safe, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated inhibition of LNCaP prostate cancer cell growth and hormone-induced transactivation, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.27-36, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2003.10.005

S. Ohsako, Y. Miyabara, N. Nishimura, S. Kurosawa, M. Sakaue et al., Maternal Exposure to a Low Dose of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Suppressed the Development of Reproductive Organs of Male Rats: Dose-Dependent Increase of mRNA Levels of 5??-Reductase Type 2 in Contrast to Decrease of Androgen Receptor in the Pubertal Ventral Prostate, Toxicological Sciences, vol.60, issue.1, pp.132-143, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/60.1.132

S. Ohsako, Y. Miyabara, M. Sakaue, R. Ishimura, M. Kakeyama et al., Developmental Stage-Specific Effects of Perinatal 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Exposure on Reproductive Organs of Male Rat Offspring, Toxicological Sciences, vol.66, issue.2, pp.283-292, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/66.2.283

P. Pal, M. Rajalakshmi, M. Manocha, R. Sharma, S. Mittal et al., Semen quality and sperm functional parameters in fertile Indian men, Andrologia, vol.10, issue.1, pp.20-25, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90953-E

A. Pang, W. Johnson, N. Ravindranath, M. Dym, O. Rennert et al., Expression profiling of purified male germ cells: stage-specific expression patterns related to meiosis and postmeiotic development, Physiological Genomics, vol.24, issue.2, pp.75-85, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00215.2004

M. Pavuk, A. Schecter, F. Akhtar, and J. Michalek, Serum 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Levels and Thyroid Function in Air Force Veterans of the Vietnam War, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.13, issue.5, pp.335-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00422-2

K. Phillips and N. Tanphaichitr, Human Exposure to Endocrine Disrupters and Semen Quality, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, vol.12, issue.3-4, pp.188-220, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/26.6.1289

B. Robaire, B. Hinton, and M. Orgebin-crist, The epididymis, Physiology of Reproduction, pp.1071-1148, 2006.

G. Robb, R. Amann, and G. Killian, Daily sperm production and epididymal sperm reserves of pubertal and adult rats, Reproduction, vol.54, issue.1, pp.103-107, 1978.
DOI : 10.1530/jrf.0.0540103

R. Robles, Y. Morita, K. Mann, G. Perez, S. Yang et al., The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor of the PAS Gene Family, Is Required for Normal Ovarian Germ Cell Dynamics in the Mouse, Endocrinology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.450-453, 2000.
DOI : 10.1210/endo.141.1.7374

B. Roman, R. Pollenz, and R. Peterson, Responsiveness of the Adult Male Rat Reproductive Tract to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Exposure: Ah Receptor and ARNT Expression, CYP1A1 Induction, and Ah Receptor Down-Regulation, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.150, issue.2, pp.228-239, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1998.8388

B. Roman, R. Sommer, K. Shinomiya, and R. Peterson, In Utero and Lactational Exposure of the Male Rat to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Impaired Prostate Growth and Development without Inhibited Androgen Production, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.134, issue.2, pp.241-250, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1995.1190

J. Rose, J. Ramsey, T. Wentzler, R. Hummel, and P. Gehring, The fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin following single and repeated oral doses to the rat, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.209-226, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(76)90001-6

R. Ruz, M. Gregory, C. Smith, D. Cyr, R. Hess et al., Expression of aquaporins in the efferent ductules, sperm counts, and sperm motility in estrogen receptor-?? deficient mice fed lab chow versus casein, Molecular Reproduction and Development, vol.23, issue.2, pp.226-237, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/mrd.20390

S. Safe, F. Wang, W. Porter, R. Duan, and A. Mcdougal, Ah receptor agonist as endocrine disruptors: antiestrogenic activity and mechanisms, Toxicol Lett, vol.102103, pp.343-347, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00331-2

A. Schecter, L. Birnbaum, J. Ryan, and J. Constable, Dioxins: An overview, Environmental Research, vol.101, issue.3, pp.419-428, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.003

A. Schecter, P. Cramer, K. Boggess, J. Stanley, and J. Olson, Levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCB and DDE congeners in pooled food samples collected in 1995 at supermarkets across the United States, Chemosphere, vol.34, issue.5-7, pp.1437-1447, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00440-2

A. Schecter, P. Cramer, K. Boggess, J. Stanley, O. Papke et al., Intake Of Dioxins and Related Compounds from Food in the U.S. Population, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, vol.63, issue.1, pp.1-18, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/152873901750128326

A. Schecter, M. Dellarco, O. Papke, and J. Olson, A comparison of dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar PCBS in uncooked and broiled ground beef, catfish and bacon, Chemosphere, vol.37, issue.9-12, pp.1723-1730, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00237-9

A. Schecter and L. Li, Dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE in U.S. fast food, 1995, Chemosphere, vol.34, issue.5-7, pp.1449-1457, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00441-4

A. Schecter, J. Ryan, and O. Papke, Decrease in levels and body burden of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBS, DDE, and HCB in blood and milk in a mother nursing twins over a thirty-eight month period, Chemosphere, vol.37, issue.9-12, pp.1807-1816, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00246-X

R. Schultz, J. Suominen, T. Varre, H. Hakovirta, M. Parvinen et al., Expression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Messenger Ribonucleic Acids and Proteins in Rat and Human Testis, Endocrinology, vol.144, issue.3, pp.767-776, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2002-220642

R. Sharpe and . -. Profr, Male Reproductive Health Disorders and the Potential Role of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. London:CHEM Trust Available: http://www.chemtrust.org.uk, 2009.

R. Sharpe, C. Mckinnell, C. Kivlin, and J. Fisher, Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood, Reproduction, vol.125, issue.6, pp.769-784, 2003.
DOI : 10.1530/rep.0.1250769

P. Siiteri and J. Wilson, Testosterone Formation and Metabolism During Male Sexual Differentiation in the Human Embryo, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.38, issue.1, pp.113-125, 1974.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-38-1-113

U. Simanainen, A. Adamsson, J. Tuomisto, H. Miettinen, . Topparij et al., Adult 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Exposure and Effects on Male Reproductive Organs in Three Differentially TCDD-Susceptible Rat Lines, Toxicological Sciences, vol.81, issue.2, pp.401-407, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfh212

U. Simanainen, T. Haavisto, J. Tuomisto, J. Paranko, J. Toppari et al., Pattern of Male Reproductive System Effects After in Utero and Lactational 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Exposure in Three Differentially TCDD-Sensitive Rat Lines, Toxicological Sciences, vol.80, issue.1, pp.101-108, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfh142

R. Sommer, D. Ippolito, and R. Peterson, In Uteroand Lactational Exposure of the Male Holtzman Rat to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Decreased Epididymal and Ejaculated Sperm Numbers without Alterations in Sperm Transit Rate, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.140, issue.1, pp.146-153, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1996.0207

P. Sutovsky, R. Moreno, J. Ramalho-santos, T. Dominiko, W. Thompson et al., A putative, ubiquitin-dependent mechanism for the recognition and elimination of defective spermatozoa in the mammalian epididymis, J Cell Sci, vol.114, pp.1665-1675, 2001.

K. Tan, D. Gendt, K. Atanassova, N. Walker, M. Sharpe et al., The Role of Androgens in Sertoli Cell Proliferation and Functional Maturation: Studies in Mice with Total or Sertoli Cell-Selective Ablation of the Androgen Receptor, Endocrinology, vol.146, issue.6, pp.2674-2683, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2004-1630

K. Tan, K. Turner, P. Saunders, G. Verhoeven, D. Gendt et al., Androgen Regulation of Stage-Dependent Cyclin D2 Expression in Sertoli Cells Suggests a Role in Modulating Androgen Action on Spermatogenesis1, Biology of Reproduction, vol.72, issue.5, pp.1151-1160, 2005.
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037689

H. Theobald and R. Peterson, In Uteroand Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-??-dioxin: Effects on Development of the Male and Female Reproductive System of the Mouse, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.124-135, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1997.8173

J. Thornton, M. Mccally, P. Orris, and J. Weinberg, Hospitals and plastics. Dioxin prevention and medical waste incinerators, Public Health Rep, vol.111, pp.298-313, 1996.

G. Toft, M. Long, T. Kruger, P. Hjelmborg, J. Bonde et al., Semen Quality in Relation to Xenohormone and Dioxin-like Serum Activity Among Inuits and Three European Populations, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.115, issue.S-1, pp.15-20, 2007.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.9352

M. Van-den-berg, L. Birnbaum, M. Denison, D. Vito, M. Farlandw et al., The 2005 World Health Organization Reevaluation of Human and Mammalian Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds, Toxicological Sciences, vol.93, issue.2, pp.223-241, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfl055

K. Van-waeleghem, D. Clercq, N. Vermeulen, L. Schoonjans, F. et al., Deterioration of sperm quality in young healthy Belgian men, Human Reproduction, vol.11, issue.2, pp.325-329, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/HUMREP/11.2.325

C. Vezina, S. Allgeier, R. Moore, T. Lin, J. Bemis et al., Dioxin Causes Ventral Prostate Agenesis by Disrupting Dorsoventral Patterning in Developing Mouse Prostate, Toxicological Sciences, vol.106, issue.2, pp.488-496, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfn183

H. Vreugdenhil, C. Lanting, P. Mulder, E. Boersma, and N. Weisglas-kuperus, Effects of prenatal PCB and dioxin background exposure on cognitive and motor abilities in Dutch children at school age, The Journal of Pediatrics, vol.140, issue.1, pp.48-56, 2002.
DOI : 10.1067/mpd.2002.119625

S. Wang, C. Lin, Y. Guo, L. Lin, W. Chou et al., Infant exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/Fs, PCBs)??????correlation between prenatal and postnatal exposure, Chemosphere, vol.54, issue.10, pp.1459-1473, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.012

N. Weisglas-kuperus, S. Patandin, G. Berbers, T. Sas, P. Mulder et al., Immunologic Effects of Background Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dioxins in Dutch Preschool Children, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.108, issue.12, pp.1203-1207, 2000.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.001081203

M. Welsh, T. Saunders, M. Fisken, H. Scott, G. Hutchison et al., Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.118, issue.4, pp.1479-1490, 2008.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI34241

C. Wilker, L. Johnson, and S. Safe, Effects of developmental exposure to indole-3-carbinol or2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive potential of male rat offspring, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.68-75, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0041-008X(96)80010-X

J. Wittsiepe, P. Furst, P. Schrey, F. Lemm, M. Kraft et al., PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB in human blood and milk from German mothers, Chemosphere, vol.67, issue.9, pp.286-294, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.118

C. Wolf, J. Ostby, L. Gray, and . Jr, Gestational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) severely alters reproductive function of female hamster offspring, Toxicological Sciences, vol.51, issue.2, pp.259-264, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/51.2.259

J. Yonemoto, T. Ichiki, T. Takei, and C. Tohyama, Maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the body burden in offspring of long-evans rats, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, vol.70, issue.83, pp.21-32, 2005.
DOI : 10.1265/ehpm.10.21

E. Younglai, J. Collins, and W. Foster, Canadian semen quality: an analysis of sperm density among eleven academic fertility centers, Fertility and Sterility, vol.70, issue.1, pp.76-80, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00118-6

Q. Zhou, L. Clarke, R. Nie, K. Carnes, L. Lai et al., Estrogen action and male fertility: Roles of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger-3 and fluid reabsorption in reproductive tract function, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.98, issue.24, pp.14132-14137, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.241245898