S. Wiktor, Retro-Ci trial, Côte d'Ivoire)

D. Ekouevi, Ditrame Plus cohort, Côte d'Ivoire)

P. Msellati, . Anrsb-trial, N. Burkina-faso-philippe-msellati, C. Meda, B. Welffens-ekra et al., ANRSb Trial, Burkina Faso & Cô te d'Ivoire Epidemiology: M Cartoux, F Dabis (coordinator of the ANRS 049 trial/ DITRAME programme) C Welffens-Ekra (principal investigator) Microbiology, Investigators and collaborators of the participating studies ANRSa Trial, Cô te d'Ivoire & Burkina Faso. Investigators: François Dabis Molecular biology: A Participating clinical centres Uganda

A. Johnson, . Violari, . Connell, . Nelson, . Moetlo et al., Trial coordination, central data management and statistical analysis Switzerland Academic Medical Centre, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center Karolinska Institute (G Biberfeld, K Karlsson, E Olausson Hansson, A O ¨ stborn). Netherlands, Amsterdam: Academic Medical Centre?Department of Human Retrovirology

R. Trial, Z. Cô-te-d-'ivoire-stefan, E. Wiktor, . Ekpini, M. John et al., Vitamin A Trial Additional members: Gill Sinclair

A. Coutsoudis, M. Newell, and N. Rollins, Steering Committee: Janet Darbyshire (chair) Nono Simelela (South African National Department of Health), Victoria Sithole (Community Advisory Board) and the study investigators Data management: Cookie Govender, Londiwe Mthethwa and team. Clinical team: Thembi Blose, Nqobile Mkhwanazi, Dumo Mkwanazi and team. Field team: Zanele Fakude, Samukelisiwe Dube and team. Laboratory team: Johannes Viljoen, Natalie Graham, Siva Davaviah and team, Zvitambo Trial

E. T. Zunguzac, K. J. Marinda, L. H. Nathoo, B. J. Moulton, J. H. Ward et al., Additional members: Henry Chidawanyika, ZVITAMBO

A. Mahomva, (. Aids, and T. Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe)

. Anrs-ditrame-plus-cohort-valériane, M. Leroy, C. Timite-konan, . Welffens-ekra-laurence, D. K. Bequet et al., Coordination in Abidjan Clinical team: Clarisse Amani-Bosse, Psycho-social team: Hortense Aka-Dago, Alphonse Sihé. Social sciences team: Hélène Agbo

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J. Dr, . J. Boyle, V. Magetse, M. Modikwa, and . Tsuro, nursing and midwifery diplomas, study nurses; T. Sekoto, family nurse practitioner diploma, study nurse; L. Garebatho, nursing diploma, study nurse

K. Sesinyi and . Kelebalekgosi, health educator diplomas, health educators and recruiters (Mochudi site)

Z. Dr, . G. Tedla, K. Mayondi, and J. Sebinang, Setswalo, nursing and midwifery diplomas, study nurses

L. Tsalaile, MSc nursing education, study nurse; B. Tsule, nursing diploma, study nurse; I. Thebeetsile, nursing diploma, nurse recruiter; I. Leteane and O. Makgabana, health education diplomas, health educators and recruiters (Lobatse Site); Drs

. T. Asmelash, P. Kakhu, J. Ramalepa, and . Lubinda, nursing and midwifery diplomas, study nurses

K. Bohule, M. Motshabi, and . Ntshimane, nursing diplomas, nurse recruiters; (Gaborone site)

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