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Article Dans Une Revue International Journal of Epidemiology Année : 2010

Does BCG vaccination protect against the development of childhood asthma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Résumé

BACKGROUND: Results have been conflicting as to whether Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a non-specific stimulator of the immune function, protects, predisposes or is unrelated to the development of childhood asthma. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we qualitatively and quantitatively appraised the epidemiological evidence. METHODS: Eligible studies were identified using a search strategy that included a computerized literature search and a manual search of each article's reference list, up to June 2008. A total of 23 studies were included (10 cohort, 5 case-control and 8 cross-sectional). Each study was summarized and rated for methodological quality. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects (FE) or random-effects (RE) models; if heterogeneity was present, the latter was used. Three indicators of BCG exposure were considered including BCG vaccination, tuberculin response and scar diameter. RESULTS: The pooled estimate of association for 23 studies reporting on any of the three indicators suggested a protective effect of BCG exposure on childhood asthma occurrence. The studies were heterogeneous, especially when tuberculin response was considered. Restriction to a subgroup of 16 studies that considered BCG vaccination indicated a protective effect with no evidence of heterogeneity. The overall pooled OR using an FE model was 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.93). Exclusion of three studies with the lowest quality scores showed a similar association. CONCLUSION: These results strengthen the epidemiological evidence in support of the hypothesis that exposure to the BCG vaccine in early life prevents asthma, possibly through a modulation of the immune maturation process.

Dates et versions

pasteur-00819586 , version 1 (01-05-2013)

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Mariam El-Zein, Marie-Elise Parent, Andrea Benedetti, Marie-Claude Rousseau. Does BCG vaccination protect against the development of childhood asthma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2010, 39 (2), pp.469-86. ⟨10.1093/ije/dyp307⟩. ⟨pasteur-00819586⟩

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