S. Apolloni, C. Montilli, P. Finocchi, and S. Amadio, Membrane compartments and purinergic signalling: P2X receptors in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory events, FEBS Journal, vol.586, issue.2, pp.354-364, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06796.x

G. Burnstock, Purinergic signalling and disorders of the central nervous system, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.151, issue.7, pp.575-590, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nrd2605

A. Casanovas, S. Hernandez, O. Tarabal, J. Rossello, and J. E. Esquerda, Strong P2X4 purinergic receptor-like immunoreactivity is selectively associated with degenerating neurons in transgenic rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.197, issue.1, pp.75-92, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.21527

S. Casha, W. R. Yu, and M. G. Fehlings, FAS deficiency reduces apoptosis, spares axons and improves function after spinal cord injury, Experimental Neurology, vol.196, issue.2, pp.390-400, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.020

N. Ambrosi, P. Finocchi, S. Apolloni, M. Cozzolino, A. Ferri et al., The Proinflammatory Action of Microglial P2 Receptors Is Enhanced in SOD1 Models for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, The Journal of Immunology, vol.183, issue.7, pp.4648-4656, 2009.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.0901212

D. Demjen, S. Klussmann, and S. Kleber, Neutralization of CD95 ligand promotes regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury, Nature Medicine, vol.10, issue.4, pp.389-395, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nm1007

M. Diaz-hernandez, M. Diez-zaera, J. Sanchez-nogueiro, R. Gomez-villafuertes, J. M. Canals et al., Altered P2X7-receptor level and function in mouse models of Huntington's disease and therapeutic efficacy of antagonist administration, The FASEB Journal, vol.23, issue.6, pp.1893-1906, 2009.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.08-122275

D. L. Donnelly-roberts, M. T. Namovic, P. Han, and M. F. Jarvis, Mammalian P2X7 receptor pharmacology: comparison of recombinant mouse, rat and human P2X7 receptors, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.71, issue.2, pp.1203-1214, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00233.x

A. G. Estevez, N. Spear, S. M. Manuel, L. Barbeito, R. Radi et al., Chapter 19 Role of endogenous nitric oxide and peroxynitrite formation in the survival and death of motor neurons in culture, Prog. Brain Res, vol.118, pp.269-280, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63214-8

A. G. Estevez, J. P. Crow, J. B. Sampson, C. Reiter, Y. Zhuang et al., Induction of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis in motor neurons by zinc-deficient superoxide dismutase, Science, vol.286, pp.2498-2500, 1999.

M. C. Franco, Y. Ye, and C. A. Refakis, Nitration of Hsp90 induces cell death, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.1102-1111, 2013.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1215177110

M. Gandelman, H. Peluffo, J. S. Beckman, P. Cassina, and L. Barbeito, Extracellular ATP and the P2X7 receptor in astrocyte-mediated motor neuron death: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neuroinflammation, vol.7, issue.1, p.33, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-2094-7-33
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00684666

T. Genovese, A. Melani, and E. Esposito, Selective adenosine A (2a) receptor agonists reduce the apoptosis in an experimental model of spinal cord trauma, J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents, vol.24, pp.73-86, 2010.

R. L. Handy, P. Wallace, Z. A. Gaffen, K. J. Whitehead, and P. K. Moore, The antinociceptive effect of 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM), a potent inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vitro, in the mouse, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.268, issue.5, pp.2349-2350, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15078.x

C. E. Henderson, E. Bloch-gallego, and W. Camu, Purification and culture of embryonic motor neurons: Neural cell culture: a practical approach, 1995.

J. Hewinson and A. B. Mackenzie, receptor-mediated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation: from receptor to generators: Figure 1, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.35, issue.5, pp.1168-1170, 2007.
DOI : 10.1042/BST0351168

K. A. Jacobson and Z. G. Gao, Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.357, issue.3, pp.247-264, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00609-1

D. J. Jun, J. Kim, and S. Y. Jung, Extracellular ATP Mediates Necrotic Cell Swelling in SN4741 Dopaminergic Neurons through P2X7 Receptors, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.282, issue.52, pp.37350-37358, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M707915200

L. Koles, S. Furst, and P. Illes, P2X and P2Y receptors as possible targets of therapeutic manipulations in CNS illnesses, Drug News & Perspectives, vol.18, issue.2, pp.85-101, 2005.
DOI : 10.1358/dnp.2005.18.2.886479

F. Locatelli, S. Corti, and D. Papadimitriou, Fas small interfering RNA reduces motoneuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice, Annals of Neurology, vol.312, issue.1, pp.81-92, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.21152

L. J. Martin, K. Chen, and Z. Liu, Adult Motor Neuron Apoptosis Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide and Fas Death Receptor Linked by DNA Damage and p53 Activation, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.27, pp.6449-6459, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0911-05.2005

K. Matsushita, Y. Wu, J. Qiu, L. Lang-lazdunski, L. Hirt et al., Fas receptor and neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.6879-6887, 2000.

C. Matute, I. Torre, and F. Perez-cerda, P2X7 Receptor Blockade Prevents ATP Excitotoxicity in Oligodendrocytes and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.35, pp.9525-9533, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0579-07.2007

A. Melani, D. Turchi, M. G. Vannucchi, S. Cipriani, M. Gianfriddo et al., ATP extracellular concentrations are increased in the rat striatum during in vivo ischemia, Neurochemistry International, vol.47, issue.6, pp.442-448, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.05.014

M. Pehar, M. R. Vargas, P. Cassina, A. G. Barbeito, J. S. Beckman et al., Complexity of Astrocyte-Motor Neuron Interactions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, vol.2, issue.3-4, pp.139-146, 2005.
DOI : 10.1159/000089619

M. Pehar, M. R. Vargas, K. M. Robinson, P. Cassina, P. England et al., Peroxynitrite transforms nerve growth factor into an apoptotic factor for motor neurons. Free Radic, Biol. Med, vol.41, pp.1632-1644, 2006.

M. Pehar, M. R. Vargas, K. M. Robinson, P. Cassina, P. J. Diaz-amarilla et al., Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation in p75 Neurotrophin Receptor-Induced Motor Neuron Apoptosis, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.29, pp.7777-7785, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0823-07.2007

W. Peng, M. L. Cotrina, and X. Han, Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.12489-12493, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0902531106

J. W. Phillis, M. H. O-'regan, and L. M. Perkins, Adenosine 5???-triphosphate release from the normoxic and hypoxic in vivo rat cerebral cortex, Neuroscience Letters, vol.151, issue.1, pp.94-96, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90054-O

A. Piccini, S. Carta, S. Tassi, D. Lasiglie, G. Fossati et al., ATP is released by monocytes stimulated with pathogensensing receptor ligands and induces IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in an autocrine way, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, pp.8067-8072, 2008.

C. Raoul, C. E. Henderson, and B. Pettmann, Programmed Cell Death of Embryonic Motoneurons Triggered through the FAS Death Receptor, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1049-1062, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/356314a0

C. Raoul, A. G. Estevez, H. Nishimune, D. W. Cleveland, O. Henderson et al., Motoneuron Death Triggered by a Specific Pathway Downstream of Fas, Neuron, vol.35, issue.6, pp.1067-1083, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00905-4

C. Raoul, E. Buhler, C. Sadeghi, A. Jacquier, P. Aebischer et al., Chronic activation in presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice of a feedback loop involving Fas, Daxx, and FasL, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, pp.6007-6012, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0508774103
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00195972

K. M. Robinson, J. T. Morre, and J. S. Beckman, Triuret: a novel product of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of urate, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.423, issue.1, pp.213-217, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.abb.2003.10.011

J. K. Ryu and J. G. Mclarnon, Block of purinergic P2X7 receptor is neuroprotective in an animal model of Alzheimer??s disease, NeuroReport, vol.19, issue.17, pp.1715-1719, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283179333

M. A. Sahawneh, K. C. Ricart, and B. R. Roberts, Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Increases Toxicity of Mutant and Zinc-deficient Superoxide Dismutase by Enhancing Protein Stability, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.285, issue.44, pp.33885-33897, 2010.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M110.118901

M. Sakurai, T. Hayashi, K. Abe, M. Sadahiro, and K. Tabayashi, Delayed selective motor neuron death and Fas antigen induction after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits, Brain Research, vol.797, issue.1, pp.23-28, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00290-X

C. X. Santos, E. I. Anjos, and O. Augusto, Uric Acid Oxidation by Peroxynitrite: Multiple Reactions, Free Radical Formation, and Amplification of Lipid Oxidation, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.372, issue.2, pp.285-294, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/abbi.1999.1491

C. P. Soon, P. S. Donnelly, and B. J. Turner, Diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) Copper(II) (CuII(atsm)) Protects against Peroxynitrite-induced Nitrosative Damage and Prolongs Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.286, issue.51, pp.44035-44044, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M111.274407

B. Sperlagh, E. S. Vizi, K. Wirkner, and P. Illes, P2X7 receptors in the nervous system, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.78, issue.6, pp.327-346, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.03.007

G. Ugolini, C. Raoul, A. Ferri, C. Haenggeli, Y. Yamamoto et al., Fas/tumor necrosis factor receptor death signaling is required for axotomy-induced death of motoneurons in vivo, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00323583

X. Wang, G. Arcuino, and T. Takano, P2X7 receptor inhibition improves recovery after spinal cord injury, Nature Medicine, vol.23, issue.8, pp.821-827, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt944

S. Wiese, S. Jablonka, B. Holtmann, N. Orel, R. Rajagopal et al., Adenosine receptor A2A-R contributes to motoneuron survival by transactivating the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.17210-17215, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0705267104

A. S. Wu, M. Kiaei, N. Aguirre, J. P. Crow, N. Y. Calingasan et al., Iron porphyrin treatment extends survival in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.120, issue.1, pp.142-150, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01639.x

Y. Yiangou, P. Facer, P. Durrenberger, I. P. Chessell, A. Naylor et al., COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord, BMC Neurology, vol.3, issue.1, p.12, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1471-4892(02)00004-8