A. Aartsma-rus and G. Van-ommen, Progress in therapeutic antisense applications for neuromuscular disorders, European Journal of Human Genetics, vol.10, issue.2, pp.146-153, 2010.
DOI : 10.2741/2697

D. Cacchiarelli, J. Martone, E. Girardi, M. Cesana, T. Incitti et al., MicroRNAs Involved in Molecular Circuitries Relevant for the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis Are Controlled by the Dystrophin/nNOS Pathway, Cell Metabolism, vol.12, issue.4, pp.341-351, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.07.008

J. Chamberlain, R. Gibbs, J. Ranier, P. Nguyen, and C. Caskey, Deletion screening of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus via multiplex DNA amplification, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.16, issue.23, pp.11141-11156, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/16.23.11141

G. Cossu and M. Sampaolesi, New therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: challenges, prospects and clinical trials, Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol.13, issue.12, pp.520-526, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.10.003

F. Cozzi, M. Cerletti, G. Luvoni, R. Lombardo, P. Brambilla et al., Development of muscle pathology in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. Quantitative characterization of histopathological progression during postnatal skeletal muscle development, Acta Neuropathol, vol.101, pp.469-478, 2001.

C. Crist and M. Buckingham, microRNAs gain magnitude in muscle, Cell Cycle, vol.8, issue.22, pp.3627-3628, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/cc.8.22.9960

C. Crist and M. Buckingham, Megarole for MicroRNA in Muscle Disease, Cell Metabolism, vol.12, issue.5, pp.425-426, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.10.007

K. Dent, D. Dunn, A. Von-niederhausern, A. Aoyagi, L. Kerr et al., Improved molecular diagnosis of dystrophinopathies in an unselected clinical cohort, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, vol.23, issue.3, pp.295-298, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/ajmg.a.30617

M. Denti, A. Rosa, D. Antona, G. Sthandier, O. et al., Body-wide gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse model, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.103, issue.10, pp.3758-3763, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0508917103

M. Denti, A. Rosa, D. Antona, G. Sthandier, O. et al., Mice, Human Gene Therapy, vol.17, issue.5, pp.565-574, 2006.
DOI : 10.1089/hum.2006.17.565

M. Denti, T. Incitti, O. Sthandier, C. Nicoletti, D. Angelis et al., Long-Term Benefit of Adeno-Associated Virus/Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping in Dystrophic Mice, Human Gene Therapy, vol.19, issue.6, pp.601-608, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/hum.2008.012

S. Ebashi, Y. Toyokuma, H. Momoi, and H. Sugita, High creatine phosphokinase activity of sera of progressive muscular dystrophy, J Biochem, vol.46, pp.103-104, 1959.

I. Eisenberg, A. Eran, I. Nishino, M. Moggio, C. Lamperti et al., Distinctive patterns of microRNA expression in primary muscular disorders, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.43, pp.17016-17021, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0708115104

F. Fazi, A. Rosa, A. Fatica, V. Gelmetti, D. Marchis et al., A Minicircuitry Comprised of MicroRNA-223 and Transcription Factors NFI-A and C/EBP?? Regulates Human Granulopoiesis, Cell, vol.123, issue.5, pp.819-831, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.023

E. Hoffman, K. Fischbeck, R. Brown, M. Johnson, R. Medori et al., Characterization of Dystrophin in Muscle-Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Duchenne's or Becker's Muscular Dystrophy, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.318, issue.21, pp.1363-1368, 1988.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198805263182104

H. Kim, T. Laor, P. Horn, J. Racadio, B. Wong et al., T2 Mapping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Distribution of Disease Activity and Correlation with Clinical Assessments, Radiology, vol.255, issue.3, pp.899-908, 2010.
DOI : 10.1148/radiol.10091547

M. Kinali, V. Arechavala-gomeza, L. Feng, S. Cirak, D. Hunt et al., Local restoration of dystrophin expression with the morpholino oligomer AVI-4658 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study, The Lancet Neurology, vol.8, issue.10, pp.918-928, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70211-X

C. Malm, P. Nyberg, M. Engstrom, B. Sjodin, R. Lenkei et al., Immunological changes in human skeletal muscle and blood after eccentric exercise and multiple biopsies, The Journal of Physiology, vol.320, issue.1, pp.243-262, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00243.x

E. Mazzone, D. Martinelli, A. Berardinelli, S. Messina, D. Amico et al., North Star Ambulatory Assessment, 6-minute walk test and timed items in ambulant boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Neuromuscular Disorders, vol.20, issue.11, pp.712-716, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.06.014

P. Mitchell, R. Parkin, E. Kroh, B. Fritz, S. Wyman et al., Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.30, pp.10513-10518, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0804549105

A. Monaco, C. Bertelson, S. Liechti-gallati, H. Moser, and L. Kunkel, An explanation for the phenotypic differences between patients bearing partial deletions of the DMD locus, Genomics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.90-95, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90113-9

N. Schöler, C. Langer, H. Döhner, C. Buske, and F. Kuchenbauer, Serum microRNAs as a novel class of biomarkers: a comprehensive review of the literature, Experimental Hematology, vol.38, issue.12, pp.1126-1130, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.10.004

J. Schouten, C. Mcelgunn, R. Waaijer, D. Zwijnenburg, F. Diepvens et al., Relative quantification of 40 nucleic acid sequences by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.30, issue.12, p.57, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gnf056

K. Søreide, Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis in diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarker research, Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol.62, issue.1, pp.1-5, 2009.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.2008.061010

T. Stockley, S. Akber, N. Bulgin, and P. Ray, Strategy for Comprehensive Molecular Testing for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies, Genetic Testing, vol.10, issue.4, pp.229-243, 2006.
DOI : 10.1089/gte.2006.10.229

J. Van-deutekom, A. Janson, I. Ginjaar, W. Frankhuizen, A. Aartsma-rus et al., Local Dystrophin Restoration with Antisense Oligonucleotide PRO051, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.357, issue.26, pp.2677-2686, 2007.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa073108

E. Van-rooij, N. Liu, and E. Olson, MicroRNAs flex their muscles, Trends in Genetics, vol.24, issue.4, pp.159-166, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tig.2008.01.007

E. Van-rooij, L. Sutherland, J. Thatcher, J. Dimaio, R. Naseem et al., Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.35, pp.13027-13032, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0805038105

M. Zatz, D. Rapaport, M. Vainzof, M. Passos-bueno, E. Bortolini et al., Serum creatine-kinase (CK) and pyruvate-kinase (PK) activities in Duchenne (DMD) as compared with Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophy, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.102, issue.2, pp.190-196, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-510X(91)90068-I

D. Cacchiarelli, miRNAs as serum biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, EMBO Molecular Medicine, vol.102, issue.5, pp.258-265, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/emmm.201100133
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00976762