N. Aarab, O. Champeau, P. Mora, M. Daubeze, P. Garrigues et al., Scoring approach based on fish biomarkers applied to French river monitoring, Biomarkers, vol.44, issue.3, pp.258-27010, 1080.
DOI : 10.1080/03067319008026942

M. Arkoosh, E. Casillas, E. Clemons, A. Kagley, R. Olson et al., Effect of Pollution on Fish Diseases: Potential Impacts on Salmonid Populations, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, vol.17, issue.2, pp.182-19010, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03003.x

M. Arkoosh, E. Clemons, P. Huffman, A. Kagley, E. Casillas et al., Increased Susceptibility of Juvenile Chinook Salmon to Vibriosis after Exposure to Chlorinated and Aromatic Compounds Found in Contaminated Urban Estuaries, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, vol.1, issue.3, pp.257-268, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03003.x

J. Bernier, P. Brousseau, K. Krzystyniak, H. Tryphonas, and M. Fournier, Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes, Environ Health Perspect, vol.103, 1995.

N. Bols, J. Brubacher, R. Ganassin, and L. Lee, Ecotoxicology and innate immunity in fish, Developmental & Comparative Immunology, vol.25, issue.8-9, pp.8-9853, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00040-4

P. Brousseau, Y. Payette, H. Tryphonas, B. Blakley, H. Boermans et al., Manual of immunological methods Handbooks in Pharmacology and Toxicolog Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: Opportunities for new insights using genomics, Comp Biochem Physiol D Genom Proteomics, vol.2, issue.4, pp.257-286, 1999.

E. Carlson, N. Roy, and I. Wirgin, MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL MIXTURE???INDUCED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AMONG ATLANTIC TOMCOD POPULATIONS DISPLAYING DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY TO HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.28, issue.4, pp.759-771, 2009.
DOI : 10.1897/08-195R.1

S. Chilmonczyk and D. Monge, Flow cytometry as a tool for assessment of the fish cellular immune response to pathogens, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.319-333, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/fsim.1998.0188

G. Chouinard and D. Swain, ) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.59, issue.9, p.1451, 2002.
DOI : 10.1139/f02-103

S. Cormier, R. Racine, C. Smith, W. Dey, and T. Peck, Hepatocellular carcinoma and fatty infiltration in the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), Journal of Fish Diseases, vol.2, issue.2, pp.105-116, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(84)90210-2

C. Couillard, Utilisation des poissons pour évaluer les effets biologiques des contaminants dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent et le fjord du Saguenay/use of fish to assess biological effects of contaminants in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Saguenay Fjord. Revue des sciences de l'eau, J Water Sci, vol.22, issue.2, pp.291-314, 2009.

C. Couillard, P. Williams, S. Courtenay, G. Rawn, C. Couillard et al., Histopathological evaluation of Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) collected at estuarine sites receiving pulp and paper mill effluent, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.44, issue.4, pp.263-278, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00085-X

C. Couillard, M. Lebeuf, M. Ikonomou, G. Poirier, and W. Cretney, LOW HEPATIC ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE ACTIVITY CORRELATES WITH HIGH ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS IN ATLANTIC TOMCOD FROM THE CANADIAN EAST COAST, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.24, issue.10, pp.2459-2469, 2005.
DOI : 10.1897/05-048R.1

J. Dutil, Y. Lambert, and D. Chabot, Winter and spring changes in condition factor and energy reserves of wild cod compared with changes observed during food-deprivation in the laboratory, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.60, issue.4, pp.780-786, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00024-9

E. Evrard, A. Devaux, S. Bony, J. Cachot, G. Charrier et al., Responses of juvenile European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to multistress in the Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol.61, issue.2, pp.1-14, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-012-1138-z
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00946804

J. Fang, D. Au, A. Chan, L. So, W. Liu et al., Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase enzyme activities and accumulation of secondary/tertiary lysosomes in rabbitfish Siganus oramin as biomarkers for xenobiotic exposures, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.20, pp.4833-4840, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.003

S. Fasulo, S. Marino, A. Mauceri, M. Maisano, A. Giannetto et al., A multibiomarker approach in Coris julis living in a natural environment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol.73, issue.7, pp.1565-1573, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.008

M. Fernandez, M. Ikonomou, S. Courtenay, I. Wirgin, K. Grasman et al., in the Hudson River Estuary, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.976-9831896, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es034177f

R. Fortin, M. Léveillé, P. Laramée, and Y. Mailhot, ) in the Sainte-Anne River, at La P??rade, Quebec, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.68, issue.7, pp.1350-1359, 1990.
DOI : 10.1139/z90-202

M. Fournier, D. Cyr, B. Blakley, H. Boermans, and P. Brousseau, Phagocytosis as a Biomarker of Immunotoxicity in Wildlife Species Exposed to Environmental Xenobiotics, American Zoologist, vol.40, issue.3, p.412, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/icb/40.3.412

M. Gagnon, Bilan régional Gaspésie-Sud?Baie des Chaleurs : zone d'intervention prioritaire 20B, Centre Saint-Laurent, 1997.

M. Gagnon, Regional assessment: south shore of the St. Lawrence upper estuary Priority intervention zones 15, 16 and 17 Aménagement d'infrastructures portuaires au Port de Sept-Îles, Construction d'un quai multi-usagers à Pointe-Noire? Examen environnemental préalable, Environment Canada?Quebec Region, Environmental Conservation, St. Lawrence Centre GENIVAR, 1998.

S. George and P. Olsson, Metallothioneins as indicators of trace metal pollution Biomonitoring of coastal waters and estuaries, pp.151-178, 1994.

L. Guimaraes, C. Gravato, J. Santos, L. Monteiro, and L. Guilhermino, Yellow eel (Anguilla anguilla) development in NW Portuguese estuaries with different contamination levels doi:10.1007/s10646-008-0294-x Gungordu A, Ozmen M (2011) Assessment of seasonal and sex-related variability of biomarkers in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from Karakaya Dam Lake, Turkey, Ecotoxicology Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, vol.18, issue.313, pp.385-402347, 2009.

C. Humphrey, S. King, and D. Klumpp, A multibiomarker approach in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) to measure exposure to contaminants in estuaries of tropical North Queensland, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.54, issue.10, pp.1569-1581, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.06.004

L. Johnson, C. Stehr, O. Olson, M. Myers, S. Pierce et al., Chemical contaminants and hepatic lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from the northeast coast of the United States, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.27, issue.13, pp.2759-2771, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/es00049a015

E. Kerambrun, F. Henry, A. Marechal, W. Sanchez, C. Minier et al., A multibiomarker approach in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, exposed to contaminated sediments, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol.80, pp.45-53, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00815307

R. Khan and J. Payne, Some factors influencing EROD activity in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) exposed to effluent from a pulp and paper mill, Chemosphere, vol.46, issue.2, pp.235-239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00125-4

M. Kirby, P. Matthiessen, P. Neall, T. Tylor, C. Allchin et al., Hepatic EROD Activity in Flounder (Platichthys flesus) as an Indicator of Contaminant Exposure in English Estuaries, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.38, issue.8, pp.676-686, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00201-X

C. Klaassen, J. Liu, and S. Choudhuri, METALLOTHIONEIN: An Intracellular Protein to Protect Against Cadmium Toxicity, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.267-294, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.267

S. Lair, Y. Mailhot, R. Higgins, D. Belanger, L. Berthiaume et al., Jaw ulcers in Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), from the St Lawrence River, Journal of Fish Diseases, vol.20, issue.1, pp.11-17, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.d01-101.x

Y. Lambert and J. Dutil, )?, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.54, issue.S1, pp.104-112, 1997.
DOI : 10.1139/f96-149

Y. Lambert, J. Dutil, and J. Munro, ), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.51, issue.7, pp.1569-1576, 1994.
DOI : 10.1139/f94-155

A. Linde-arias, A. Inacio, L. Novo, C. De-alburquerque, and J. Moreira, Multibiomarker approach in fish to assess the impact of pollution in a large Brazilian river, Paraiba do Sul, Environmental Pollution, vol.156, issue.3, pp.974-979, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.006

K. Low and Y. Sin, Effects of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite on some immune responses of blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallus), Science of The Total Environment, vol.214, issue.1-3, pp.153-164, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00061-8

V. Mariji? and B. Raspor, Age- and tissue-dependent metallothionein and cytosolic metal distribution in a native Mediterranean fish, Mullus barbatus, from the Eastern Adriatic Sea, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol.143, issue.4, pp.382-387, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.05.019

M. Michaud and É. Pelletier, Sources and fate of butyltins in the St. Lawrence Estuary ecosystem, Chemosphere, vol.64, issue.7, pp.1074-1082, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.002

K. Miller, R. Addison, and S. Bandiera, Hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity in English sole: biomonitoring of marine contaminants in Vancouver Harbour, Marine Environmental Research, vol.57, issue.1-2, pp.37-54, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00059-X

R. Nunez, DNA measurement and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, Curr Issues Mol Biol, vol.3, pp.67-70, 2001.

A. Olivares, L. Quiros, S. Pelayo, A. Navarro, C. Bosch et al., Integrated biological and chemical analysis of organochlorine compound pollution and of its biological effects in a riverine system downstream the discharge point, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.22, pp.5592-5599, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.009

Y. Payette, M. Lachapelle, C. Daniel, J. Bernier, M. Fournier et al., Decreased interleukin-2 receptor and cell cycle changes in murine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to low doses of cadmium chloride, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.235-246, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0192-0561(95)00001-I

J. Rotchell, K. Clarke, L. Newton, and D. Bird, Hepatic metallothionein as a biomarker for metal contamination: age effects and seasonal variation in European flounders (Pleuronectes flesus) from the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel, Marine Environmental Research, vol.52, issue.2, pp.151-171, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-1136(00)00270-1

R. Saint-louis, C. Gobeil, E. Pelletier, J. Sanchez-dardon, I. Voccia et al., Le Tributyletain et Ses Produits de Degradation Dans L'Estuaire du Saint-Laurent (Canada) Tributyltin and Its Degradation Products in the St Lawrence Estuary (Canada) Immunomodulation by heavy metals tested individually or in mixtures in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in vivo, Environ Technol Environ Toxicol Chem, vol.18, issue.187, pp.1209-12181492, 1997.

F. Saucier, F. Roy, D. Gilbert, P. Pellerin, and H. Ritchie, Modeling the formation and circulation processes of water masses and sea ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.31, issue.4, pp.3269-3279, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JC000686

W. Scott and M. Scott, Atlantic fishes of Canada Toronto Smith L, Conrad H (1956) A study of the kinetics of the oxidation of cytochrome c by cytochrome c oxidase, Arch Biochem Biophys, vol.219, issue.63256, pp.403-413, 1988.

C. Smith, T. Peck, J. Klauda, and J. Mclaren, Hepatomas in Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) collected in the Hudson River estuary in New York, Journal of Fish Diseases, vol.33, issue.4, pp.313-319, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01686295

C. Sorrentino, N. Roy, S. Courtenay, and I. Wirgin, Co-exposure to metals modulates CYP1A mRNA inducibility in Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod from two populations, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.238-252, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.08.006

L. Sweet and J. Zelikoff, TOXICOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY OF MERCURY: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW IN FISH AND HUMANS, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews, vol.4, issue.2, pp.161-205, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/109374001300339809

A. Tahir and C. Secombes, The effects of diesel oil-based drilling mud extracts on immune responses of rainbow trout, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.1, issue.1, pp.27-32, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00213083

M. Théron, F. Guerrero, and P. Sebert, Improvement in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the freshwater eel acclimated to 10.1 MPa hydrostatic pressure, J Exp Biol, vol.203, pp.3019-3023, 2000.

R. Van-der-oost, J. Beyer, and N. Vermeulen, Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol.13, issue.2, pp.57-149, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6

A. Viarengo, E. Bettella, R. Fabbri, B. Burlando, and M. Lafaurie, Heavy metal inhibition of EROD activity in liver microsomes from the bass Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to organic xenobiotics: Role of GSH in the reduction of heavy metal effects, Marine Environmental Research, vol.44, issue.1, pp.1-11, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-1136(96)00097-9

G. Villeneuve, Bref aper??u climatique du Qu??bec m??ridional, Cahiers de g??ographie du Qu??bec, vol.3, issue.6, 1959.
DOI : 10.7202/020175ar
URL : http://www.erudit.org/revue/cgq/1959/v3/n6/020175ar.pdf

R. Wersto, F. Chrest, J. Leary, C. Morris, M. Stetler-stevenson et al., Doublet discrimination in DNA cell-cycle analysis, Cytometry, vol.33, issue.5, pp.296-306, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/cyto.1171

P. Williams, S. Courtenay, and C. Wilson, ), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.53, issue.8, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/etc.5620170820

I. Wirgin and J. Waldman, Altered gene expression and genetic damage in North American fish populations, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.399, issue.2, pp.193-219, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00256-X

I. Wirgin, C. Grunwald, C. S. Kreamer, G. Reichert, W. Stein et al., A biomarker approach to assessing xenobiotic exposure in Atlantic tomcod from the North American Atlantic coast, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.102, issue.9, p.764, 1994.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.94102764

I. Wirgin, N. Roy, M. Loftus, R. Chambers, D. Franks et al., Mechanistic Basis of Resistance to PCBs in Atlantic Tomcod from the Hudson River, Science, vol.331, issue.6022, pp.1322-1325, 2011.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1197296

C. Xstrata-copper, Y. Xu, J. Zhang, W. Li, K. Schramm et al., Closing the Murdochville site Leaving a positive, sustainable legacy. Xstrata Copper Canada Endocrine effects of sublethal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPS) on silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Environ Pollut, vol.120, issue.3, pp.683-690, 2002.

W. Xu, I. Charles, and S. Moncada, Nitric oxide: orchestrating hypoxia regulation through mitochondrial respiration and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, Cell Research, vol.3, issue.1, pp.63-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1081208

Z. Yuan, M. Wirgin, C. S. Ikonomou, M. Wirgin, and I. , Is hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 expression predictive of hepatic burdens of dioxins, furans, and PCBs in Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River estuary?, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.54, issue.3-4, pp.3-4217, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00144-8

Z. Yuan, C. S. Chambers, R. Wirgin, and I. , Evidence of Spatially Extensive Resistance to PCBs in an Anadromous Fish of the Hudson River, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.114, issue.1, 2006.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.8255

E. Yurkowi and P. Makhijani, Flow cytometric determination of metallothionein levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: utility in environmental exposure assessment, J Toxic Environ Health A, vol.54, issue.6, pp.445-457, 1998.