K. Ahmad and K. G. Golic, The transmission of fragmented chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.148, pp.775-792, 1998.

M. Beaucher, X. F. Zheng, F. Amariei, R. , and Y. S. , Multiple Pathways Suppress Telomere Addition to DNA Breaks in the Drosophila Germline, Genetics, vol.191, issue.2, pp.407-417, 2012.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.112.138818

X. Bi, D. Srikanta, L. Fanti, S. Pimpinelli, R. Badugu et al., Drosophila ATM and ATR checkpoint kinases control partially redundant pathways for telomere maintenance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.102, issue.42, pp.15167-15172, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0504981102

X. Bi, S. D. Wei, R. , and Y. S. , Telomere Protection without a Telomerase, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.1348-1353, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.063

H. Biessmann, S. B. Carter, and J. M. Mason, Chromosome ends in Drosophila without telomeric DNA sequences., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.5, pp.1758-1761, 1990.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1758

H. Biessmann and J. M. Mason, Progressive loss of DNA sequences from terminal chromosome deficiencies in Drosophila melanogaster, EMBO J, vol.7, pp.1081-1086, 1988.

C. Frydrychova, R. Biessmann, H. Mason, and J. M. , Regulation of telomere length in <i>Drosophila</i>, Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol.122, issue.3-4, pp.356-364, 2008.
DOI : 10.1159/000167823

G. Cenci, Drosophila cell cycle under arrest: Uncapped telomeres plead guilty, Cell Cycle, vol.8, issue.7, pp.990-995, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/cc.8.7.7960

G. Cenci, L. Ciapponi, and M. Gatti, The mechanism of telomere protection: a comparison between Drosophila and humans, Chromosoma, vol.12, issue.3, pp.135-145, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00412-005-0005-9

G. Cenci, R. B. Rawson, G. Belloni, D. H. Castrillon, M. Tudor et al., UbcD1, a Drosophila ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme required for proper telomere behavior., Genes & Development, vol.11, issue.7, pp.863-875, 1997.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.11.7.863
URL : http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/short/11/7/863

I. Chiolo, A. Minoda, S. U. Colmenares, A. Polyzos, S. V. Costes et al., Double-Strand Breaks in Heterochromatin Move Outside of a Dynamic HP1a Domain to Complete Recombinational Repair, Cell, vol.144, issue.5, pp.732-744, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.012

L. Ciapponi, C. , and G. , Telomere capping and cellular checkpoints: clues from fruit flies, Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol.122, issue.3-4, pp.365-373, 2008.
DOI : 10.1159/000167824

L. Ciapponi, G. Cenci, J. Ducau, C. Flores, D. Johnson-schlitz et al., The Drosophila Mre11/Rad50 Complex Is Required to Prevent Both Telomeric Fusion and Chromosome Breakage, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.1360-1366, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.019

L. Ciapponi, G. Cenci, and M. Gatti, The Drosophila Nbs Protein Functions in Multiple Pathways for the Maintenance of Genome Stability, Genetics, vol.173, issue.3, pp.1447-1454, 2006.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.106.058081

R. Dronamraju and J. M. Mason, Recognition of Double Strand Breaks by a Mutator Protein (MU2) in Drosophila melanogaster, PLoS Genetics, vol.27, issue.481, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000473.s003

L. Fanti, G. Giovinazzo, M. Berloco, and S. Pimpinelli, The Heterochromatin Protein 1 Prevents Telomere Fusions in Drosophila, Molecular Cell, vol.2, issue.5, pp.527-538, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80152-5

L. Fanti and S. Pimpinelli, HP1: a functionally multifaceted protein, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.18, issue.2, pp.169-174, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gde.2008.01.009

G. J. Filion, J. G. Van-bemmel, U. Braunschweig, W. Talhout, J. Kind et al., Systematic Protein Location Mapping Reveals Five Principal Chromatin Types in Drosophila Cells, Cell, vol.143, issue.2, pp.212-224, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.009

J. Font-burgada, D. Rossell, H. Auer, and F. Azorin, Drosophila HP1c isoform interacts with the zinc-finger proteins WOC and Relative-of-WOC to regulate gene expression, Genes & Development, vol.22, issue.21, pp.3007-3023, 2008.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.481408

G. Gao, J. C. Walser, M. L. Beaucher, P. Morciano, N. Wesolowska et al., HipHop interacts with HOAP and HP1 to protect Drosophila telomeres in a sequence-independent manner, The EMBO Journal, vol.17, issue.4, pp.819-829, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msm088

P. Gu, J. N. Min, Y. Wang, C. Huang, T. Peng et al., CTC1 deletion results in defective telomere replication, leading to catastrophic telomere loss and stem cell exhaustion, The EMBO Journal, vol.2010, issue.10, pp.2309-2321, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/emboj.2012.96

D. Jain, C. , and J. P. , Telomeric Strategies: Means to an End, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.44, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134841

P. Martinez, M. Thanasoula, P. Munoz, C. Liao, A. Tejera et al., Increased telomere fragility and fusions resulting from TRF1 deficiency lead to degenerative pathologies and increased cancer in mice, Genes & Development, vol.23, issue.17, pp.2060-2075, 2009.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.543509

J. M. Mason, R. C. Frydrychova, and H. Biessmann, Drosophila telomeres: an exception providing new insights, BioEssays, vol.159, issue.1, pp.25-37, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/bies.20688
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804870

L. Melnikova, H. Biessmann, and P. Georgiev, The Ku Protein Complex Is Involved in Length Regulation of Drosophila Telomeres, Genetics, vol.170, issue.1, pp.221-235, 2005.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.104.034538

L. Melnikova and P. Georgiev, Enhancer of terminal gene conversion , a new mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that induces telomere elongation by gene conversion, Genetics, vol.162, pp.1301-1312, 2002.

H. J. Muller, The remaking of chromosomes, Collect. Net, vol.8, pp.182-195, 1938.

P. Muñoz, R. Blanco, G. De-carcer, S. Schoeftner, R. Benetti et al., TRF1 Controls Telomere Length and Mitotic Fidelity in Epithelial Homeostasis, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.29, issue.6, pp.1608-1625, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.01339-08

M. Musarò, L. Ciapponi, B. Fasulo, M. Gatti, C. et al., Unprotected Drosophila melanogaster telomeres activate the spindle assembly checkpoint, Nature Genetics, vol.115, issue.3, pp.362-366, 2008.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.225102

S. R. Oikemus, N. Mcginnis, J. Queiroz-machado, H. Tukachinsky, S. Takada et al., Drosophila atm/telomere fusion is required for telomeric localization of HP1 and telomere position effect, Genes & Development, vol.18, issue.15, pp.1850-1861, 2004.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.1202504

O. Sullivan, R. J. Karlseder, and J. , Telomeres: protecting chromosomes against genome instability, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.11, pp.171-181, 2010.

W. Palm and T. De-lange, How Shelterin Protects Mammalian Telomeres, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.42, issue.1, pp.301-334, 2008.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130350

M. L. Pardue and P. G. Debaryshe, Retrotransposons that maintain chromosome ends, Proc. Natl, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1100278108

B. Perrini, L. Piacentini, L. Fanti, F. Altieri, S. Chichiarelli et al., HP1 Controls Telomere Capping, Telomere Elongation, and Telomere Silencing by Two Different Mechanisms in Drosophila, Molecular Cell, vol.15, issue.3, pp.467-476, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.036

L. Piacentini, L. Fanti, R. Negri, D. Vescovo, V. Fatica et al., Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1a) Positively Regulates Euchromatic Gene Expression through RNA Transcript Association and Interaction with hnRNPs in Drosophila, PLoS Genetics, vol.33, issue.10, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000670.s008

G. D. Raffa, L. Ciapponi, G. Cenci, and M. Gatti, telomeres, Nucleus, vol.2, issue.5, pp.383-391, 2011.
DOI : 10.4161/nucl.2.5.17873
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01025801

G. D. Raffa, D. Raimondo, C. Sorino, S. Cugusi, G. Cenci et al., Verrocchio, a Drosophila OB fold-containing protein, is a component of the terminin telomere-capping complex, Genes & Development, vol.24, issue.15, 2010.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.574810

G. D. Raffa, G. Siriaco, S. Cugusi, L. Ciapponi, G. Cenci et al., The Drosophila modigliani (moi) gene encodes a HOAP-interacting protein required for telomere protection, Proc. Natl, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0812702106

Y. S. Rong, Telomere capping in Drosophila: dealing with chromosome ends that most resemble DNA breaks, Chromosoma, vol.8, issue.7, pp.235-242, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/ncb1428

M. Savitsky, O. Kravchuk, L. Melnikova, and P. Georgiev, Heterochromatin Protein 1 Is Involved in Control of Telomere Elongation in Drosophila melanogaster, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.22, issue.9, pp.3204-3218, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.22.9.3204-3218.2002

M. Savitsky, D. Kwon, P. Georgiev, A. Kalmykova, and V. Gvozdev, Telomere elongation is under the control of the RNAi-based mechanism in the Drosophila germline, Genes & Development, vol.20, issue.3, pp.345-354, 2006.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.370206

|. Frontiers-in-oncology, . Cancer-molecular, T. Targets, A. Sfeir, and T. De-lange, Removal of shelterin reveals the telomere end-protection problem, Science, vol.336, pp.593-597, 2012.

S. Shpiz, I. Olovnikov, A. Sergeeva, S. Lavrov, Y. Abramov et al., Mechanism of the piRNA-mediated silencing of Drosophila telomeric retrotransposons, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.39, issue.20, pp.8703-8711, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkr552

E. Silva, S. Tiong, M. Pedersen, E. M. Homola, A. Royou et al., ATM Is Required for Telomere Maintenance and Chromosome Stability during Drosophila Development, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.1341-1347, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.056

R. Silva-sousa, E. Lopez-panades, D. Pineyro, C. , and E. , The chromosomal proteins JIL-1 and Z4, 2012.

G. M. Siriaco, G. Cenci, A. Haoudi, L. E. Champion, C. Zhou et al., Telomere elongation (Tel), a new mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that produces long telomeres, Genetics, vol.160, pp.235-245, 2002.

Y. H. Song, G. Mirey, M. Betson, D. A. Haber, and J. Settleman, The Drosophila ATM Ortholog, dATM, Mediates the Response to Ionizing Radiation and to Spontaneous DNA Damage during Development, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.1354-1359, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.064

S. W. Titen and K. G. Golic, Healing of Euchromatic Chromosome Breaks by Efficient de novo Telomere Addition in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.184, issue.1, pp.309-312, 2010.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.109.109934

T. Török, C. Benitez, S. Takacs, and H. Biessmann, The protein encoded by the gene proliferation disrupter (prod) is associated with the telomeric retrotransposon array in Drosophila melanogaster, Chromosoma, vol.60, issue.2, pp.185-195, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00412-006-0090-4

J. Tower, G. H. Karpen, N. Craig, and A. C. Spradling, Preferential transposition of Drosophila P elements to nearby chromosomal sites, Genetics, vol.133, pp.347-359, 1993.

J. B. Vannier, V. Pavicic-kaltenbrunner, M. I. Petalcorin, H. Ding, and S. J. Boulton, RTEL1 Dismantles T Loops and Counteracts Telomeric G4-DNA to Maintain Telomere Integrity, Cell, vol.149, issue.4, pp.795-806, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.030

F. Wang, J. A. Stewart, C. Kasbek, Y. Zhao, W. E. Wright et al., Human CST Has Independent Functions during Telomere Duplex Replication and C-Strand Fill-In, Cell Reports, vol.2, issue.5, pp.1096-1103, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.007

J. Ye, C. Lenain, S. Bauwens, A. Rizzo, A. Saint-leger et al., TRF2 and Apollo Cooperate with Topoisomerase 2?? to Protect Human Telomeres from Replicative Damage, Cell, vol.142, issue.2, pp.230-242, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2010.05.032
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00527228

L. Zhang, R. , and Y. S. , Retrotransposons at Drosophila telomeres: Host domestication of a selfish element for the maintenance of genome integrity, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms, vol.1819, issue.7, pp.771-775, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.01.018