J. Fisher, J. Schwartzbaum, M. Wrensch, and J. Wiemels, Epidemiology of Brain Tumors, Neurologic Clinics, vol.25, issue.4, pp.867-890, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.002

H. Ohgaki and P. Kleihues, Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas, Acta Neuropathologica, vol.43, issue.1, pp.93-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00401-005-0991-y

M. Wrensch, J. Fisher, J. Schwartzbaum, M. Bondy, M. Berger et al., The molecular epidemiology of gliomas in adults, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.19, issue.5, p.5, 2005.
DOI : 10.3171/foc.2005.19.5.6

C. Marosi, M. Hassler, K. Roessler, M. Reni, M. Sant et al., Meningioma, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, vol.67, issue.2, pp.153-171, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.01.010

T. Zheng, K. Cantor, Y. Zhang, B. Chiu, and C. Lynch, Risk of brain glioma not associated with cigarette smoking or use of other tobacco products in Iowa, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, vol.10, issue.4, pp.413-414, 2001.

S. Preston-martin, M. Yu, B. Benton, and B. Henderson, N-Nitroso compounds and childhood brain tumors: a case?control study, Cancer Res, issue.12, pp.425240-5245, 1982.

A. Maekawa and K. Mitsumori, Spontaneous occurrence and chemical induction of neurogenic tumors in rats?influence of host factors and specificity of chemical structure, Crit Rev Toxicol, vol.20, issue.4, pp.287-310, 1990.

P. Bogovski and S. Bogovski, Special report animal species in whichn-nitroso compounds induce cancer, International Journal of Cancer, vol.91, issue.4, pp.471-474, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.2910270408

B. Hawkins, R. Egleton, and T. Davis, Modulation of cerebral microvascular permeability by endothelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.289, issue.1, pp.212-219, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.01210.2004

J. Connelly and M. Malkin, Environmental risk factors for brain tumors, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, vol.8, issue.3, pp.208-214, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s11910-007-0032-4

P. Irigaray, J. Newby, R. Clapp, L. Hardell, V. Howard et al., Lifestyle-related factors and environmental agents causing cancer: An overview, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol.61, issue.10, pp.61640-658, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.10.006

C. Smoking, cancer.ca/en/prevention-and-screening/ live-well/smoking-and-tobacco/smoking-and-cancer, p.55

S. Preston-martin, W. Mack, and B. Henderson, Risk factors for gliomas and meningiomas in males in Los Angeles county, Cancer Res, issue.21, pp.496137-6143, 1989.

R. Brownson, J. Reif, J. Chang, and J. Davis, An analysis of occupational risks for brain cancer., American Journal of Public Health, vol.80, issue.2, pp.169-172, 1990.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.80.2.169

F. Hochberg, P. Toniolo, P. Cole, and M. Salcman, Nonoccupational risk indicators of glioblastoma in adults, Journal of Neuro-Oncology, vol.8, issue.1, pp.55-60, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00182087

B. Schlehofer, S. Kunze, W. Sachsenheimer, M. Blettner, D. Niehoff et al., Occupational risk factors for brain tumors: results from a population-based case-control study in Germany, Cancer Causes and Control, vol.131, issue.3, pp.209-215, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00117472

S. Preston-martin and W. Mack, Gliomas and meningiomas in men in Los Angeles county: investigation of exposures to N-nitroso compounds, IARC Sci Publ, vol.105, pp.197-203, 1991.

P. Ryan, M. Lee, B. North, and A. Mcmichael, Risk factors for tumors of the brain and meninges: Results from the Adelaide adult brain tumor study, International Journal of Cancer, vol.133, issue.1
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.2910510105

L. Blowers, S. Preston-martin, and W. Mack, Dietary and other lifestyle factors of women with brain gliomas in Los Angeles county

B. Schlehofer, I. Hettinger, P. Ryan, M. Blettner, S. Preston-martin et al., Occupational risk factors for low grade and high grade glioma: Results from an international case control study of adult brain tumours, International Journal of Cancer, vol.38, issue.83, pp.116-125, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.20504

M. Musicco, G. Filippini, B. Bordo, A. Melotto, G. Morello et al., GLIOMAS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS: CASE-CONTROL STUDY, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.116, issue.5, pp.782-790, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113468

A. Ahlbom, I. Navier, S. Norell, R. Olin, and B. Spannare, NONOCCUPATIONAL RISK INDICATORS FOR ASTROCYTOMAS IN ADULTS, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.124, issue.2, pp.334-337, 1986.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114393

S. Hurley, J. Mcneil, G. Donnan, A. Forbes, M. Salzberg et al., Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for glioma: a case-control study in Melbourne, Australia., Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.50, issue.4, pp.442-446, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.50.4.442

M. Lee, M. Wrensch, and R. Miike, Dietary and tobacco risk factors for adult onset glioma in the

P. Mills, S. Preston-martin, J. Annegers, W. Beeson, R. Phillips et al., Risk Factors for Tumors of the Brain and Cranial Meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists, Neuroepidemiology, vol.8, issue.5, pp.266-275, 1989.
DOI : 10.1159/000110193

C. Holick, E. Giovannucci, B. Rosner, M. Stampfer, and D. Michaud, Prospective study of cigarette smoking and adult glioma: Dosage, duration, and latency, Neuro-Oncology, vol.9, issue.3, pp.326-334, 2007.
DOI : 10.1215/15228517-2007-005

V. Benson, K. Pirie, J. Green, D. Casabonne, and V. Beral, Lifestyle factors and primary glioma and meningioma tumours in the Million Women Study cohort, British Journal of Cancer, vol.10, issue.1, pp.185-190, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwj254

J. Efird, G. Friedman, S. Sidney, A. Klatsky, L. Habel et al., The Risk for Malignant Primary Adult-Onset Glioma in a Large, Multiethnic, Managed-Care Cohort: Cigarette Smoking and Other Lifestyle Behaviors, Journal of Neuro-Oncology, vol.68, issue.1, pp.57-69, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:NEON.0000024746.87666.ed

S. Silvera, A. Miller, and T. Rohan, Cigarette smoking and risk of glioma: A prospective cohort study, International Journal of Cancer, vol.80, issue.7, pp.1848-1851, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.21569

L. Mandelzweig, I. Novikov, and S. Sadetzki, Smoking and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis, Cancer Causes & Control, vol.10, issue.2, pp.1927-1938, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10552-009-9386-z

B. Schneider, H. Pulhorn, B. Rohrig, and N. Rainov, Predisposing conditions and risk factors for development of symptomatic meningioma in adults, Cancer Detection and Prevention, vol.29, issue.5, pp.440-447, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cdp.2005.07.002

E. Lee, J. Grutsch, V. Persky, R. Glick, J. Mendes et al., Association of meningioma with reproductive factors, International Journal of Cancer, vol.63, issue.5, pp.1152-1157, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.21950

S. Preston-martin, M. Yu, B. Henderson, and C. Roberts, Risk factors for meningiomas in men in Los Angeles County, J Natl Cancer Inst, vol.70, issue.5, pp.863-866, 1983.

J. Hu, J. Little, T. Xu, X. Zhao, L. Guo et al., Risk factors for meningioma in adults: A case-control study in northeast China, International Journal of Cancer, vol.1, issue.3, pp.299-304, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991029)83:3<299::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-Z

L. Phillips, W. Longstreth, . Jr, T. Koepsell, B. Custer et al., Active and Passive Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Intracranial Meningioma, Neuroepidemiology, vol.24, issue.3, pp.117-122, 2005.
DOI : 10.1159/000082998

G. Batty, M. Kivimaki, L. Gray, D. Smith, G. Marmot et al., Cigarette smoking and site-specific cancer mortality: testing uncertain associations using extended follow-up of the original Whitehall study, Annals of Oncology, vol.19, issue.5
DOI : 10.1093/annonc/mdm578

E. Cardis, L. Richardson, I. Deltour, B. Armstrong, M. Feychting et al., The INTERPHONE study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.130, issue.6, pp.647-664, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-007-9152-z

N. Weiss, Subgroup-Specific Associations in the Face of Overall Null Results: Should We Rush In or Fear to Tread?, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1297-1299, 2008.
DOI : 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0144

J. Chen, S. Wacholder, L. Morton, P. Bhatti, and P. Hartge, Quantifying selection bias in epidemiologic studies, Am J Epidemiol, pp.161-145, 2005.

P. Hartge, Participation in Population Studies, Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.252-254, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ede.0000209441.24307.92

W. Millar, Reaching smokers with lower educational attainment Ottawa: Statistics Canada Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada Health Reports, pp.11-19, 1996.

M. Shields, Smoking-prevalence, bans and exposure to second-hand smoke, Health Rep, vol.18, issue.3, pp.67-85, 2007.

. Vida, Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case?control study. Environmental Health 2014 13:55. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01137309