Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.
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Stefano Mona
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1183614
- IdHAL : stefano-mona
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9087-0656
- IdRef : 229257704
Caroline Allix-Béguec
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1171940
- IdHAL : caroline-allix-beguec
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7642-4844
Daniela Cirillo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 774078
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6415-1535
Helen Cox
- Function : Author
Valeriu Crudu
- Function : Author
Stobdan Kalon
- Function : Author
Troels Lillebæk
- Function : Author
Michael Rasmussen
- Function : Author
Nalin Rastogi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 2429
- IdHAL : nalin-rastogi
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7199-7747
- IdRef : 069286973
Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla
- Function : Author
Branislava Savic
- Function : Author
Petras Stakenas
- Function : Author
Kadri Toit
- Function : Author
Philip Supply
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 741536
- IdHAL : philip-supply
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3690-3853
- IdRef : 077084977
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage.