Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar.

Renaud Lancelot 1 Marina Béral 1, 2 Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome 3 Soa-Fy Andriamandimby 4 Jean-Michel Heraud 4 Caroline Coste 1 Andrea Apolloni 1 Cécile Squarzoni-Diaw 5 Stéphane De La Rocque 1, 6, 7 Pierre B H Formenty 8 Jérémy Bouyer 1 G R William Wint 9 Eric Cardinale 10, 1
1 UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes
2 CRVOI - Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien
3 Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), DSV [Antananarivo]
4 IPM - Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar]
5 Animal Production and Health Division [Rome]
6 World Organization for Animal Health
7 International Health Regulations Monitoring Procedure and Information Team
Global Capacity and Response Department
8 Emerging and Epidemic Zoonotic Diseases
Pandemic and Epidemic Disease Department
9 Department of Zoology, Environmental Research Group Oxford
10 CYROI - Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien
Abstract : Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease widespread in Africa. The primary cycle involves mosquitoes and wild and domestic ruminant hosts. Humans are usually contaminated after contact with infected ruminants. As many environmental, agricultural, epidemiological, and anthropogenic factors are implicated in RVF spread, the multidisciplinary One Health approach was needed to identify the drivers of RVF epidemics in Madagascar. We examined the environmental patterns associated with these epidemics, comparing human and ruminant serological data with environmental and cattle-trade data. In contrast to East Africa, environmental drivers did not trigger the epidemics: They only modulated local Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission in ruminants. Instead, RVFV was introduced through ruminant trade and subsequent movement of cattle between trade hubs caused its long-distance spread within the country. Contact with cattle brought in from infected districts was associated with higher infection risk in slaughterhouse workers. The finding that anthropogenic rather than environmental factors are the main drivers of RVF infection in humans can be used to design better prevention and early detection in the case of RVF resurgence in the region.
Keywords : vector-borne infection cattle trade zoonosis El Niño One Health
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Article dans une revue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , National Academy of Sciences, 2017, 114 (5), pp.938-943. 〈10.1073/pnas.1607948114〉
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PASTEUR | CIRAD | INRA | PIMIT | RIIP | UNIV-REUNION | RIIP_MADAGASCAR

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Renaud Lancelot, Marina Béral, Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome, Soa-Fy Andriamandimby, Jean-Michel Heraud, et al.. Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , National Academy of Sciences, 2017, 114 (5), pp.938-943. 〈10.1073/pnas.1607948114〉. 〈pasteur-01498224〉

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