Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Baja California, Mexico: A result of human migration?

Carlos A. Flores-López 1, 2 Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas 3, 2 Rafael Laniado-Laborín 4, 2 Yann Reynaud 5 Rosa Alejandra García-Ortiz 1 Jorge A. González-Y-Merchand 6, 2 Sandra Rivera 6, 2 Carlos A. Vázquez-Chacón 7 Gilberto Vaughan 8 José Armando Martínez-Guarneros 8, 2 Nelva Lorena Victoria-Cota 1 Mayra Cruz-Rivera 9 Nalin Rastogi 5 Raquel Muñiz-Salazar 1, *
* Corresponding author
1 UABC - Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
2 Red Multidisciplinaria de Investigación en Tuberculosis
3 Universidad Veracruzana
4 Clínica de Tuberculosis
5 Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe
6 IPN - Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico]
7 Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos
8 Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos
9 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Abstract : The State of Baja California (BC) exhibits the highest incidence and prevalence rates of tuberculosis (TB), and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Mexico. However information about the circulation of M. tuberculosis lineages in BC and Mexico as a whole is limited. Here, we describe the genetic relationship and genetic diversity among M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (n=140) collected in BC between October 2009 and April 2011 with other regions of Mexico, the United States, and Latin America. All specimens were genotyped based on 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU)-variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci. Population structure and minimum spanning tree (MST) analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of BC isolates in comparison to USA and South America strains. Among the nine lineages observed, LAM, Haarlem and S were the most frequent identified in BC. Population structure analysis clustered most BC isolates (41%) into three distinctive groups that included strains from San Diego and South America, whereas other BC strains (22%) clustered with other Mexican strains. A subset of isolates (12%) seemed to be autochthonous of BC, while 25% were cosmopolitan and grouped into multiple clusters. It is highly likely that the TB genetic structure observed in BC is due to human migration. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanism involved in the phylogeographic distribution of M. tuberculosis in Mexico. Implementation of domestic molecular TB surveillance programs is required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of TB not only in the region but at the national level.
Keywords : Baja California Genetic diversity Mexico Migration TB-MDR Tuberculosis
Document type :
Journal articles
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Contributor : Nalin Rastogi <>
Submitted on : Wednesday, November 29, 2017 - 10:54:03 PM
Last modification on : Tuesday, February 12, 2019 - 4:10:06 PM

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Carlos A. Flores-López, Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas, Rafael Laniado-Laborín, Yann Reynaud, Rosa Alejandra García-Ortiz, et al.. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Baja California, Mexico: A result of human migration?. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Elsevier, 2017, 55, pp.378 - 383. ⟨10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.001⟩. ⟨pasteur-01652110⟩

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