F. Xu, D. Liu, M. Nunes, D. Rosa, A. Tesh et al., Antigenic and genetic relationships among Rift Valley fever virus and other selected members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae), Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.76, pp.1194-1200, 2007.

R. Daubney, J. Hudson, and P. Garnham, Enzootic hepatitis or rift valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep cattle and man from east africa, The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, vol.xcix, issue.4, pp.545-579, 1931.
DOI : 10.1002/path.1700340418

M. Wilson, Rift Valley Fever Virus Ecology and the Epidemiology of Disease Emergence, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.3, issue.1 Disease in Ev, pp.169-180, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92128-G

A. Adam, M. Karsany, and I. Adam, Manifestations of severe Rift Valley fever in Sudan, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.14, issue.2, pp.179-180, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.029

S. Andriamandimby, A. Randrianarivo-solofoniaina, E. Jeanmaire, L. Ravolomanana, and L. Razafimanantsoa, Rift Valley Fever during Rainy Seasons, Madagascar, 2008 and 2009, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.6, pp.963-970, 2008.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1606.091266
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00595482

K. Linthicum, A. Anyamba, C. Tucker, P. Kelley, and M. Myers, Climate and Satellite Indicators to Forecast Rift Valley Fever Epidemics in Kenya, Science, vol.285, issue.5426, pp.397-400, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.285.5426.397

K. Linthicum, F. Davies, A. Kairo, and C. Bailey, SUMMARY, Journal of Hygiene, vol.2, issue.01, pp.197-209, 1985.
DOI : 10.1126/science.182.4117.1140

V. Martin, D. Simone, L. Lubroth, J. Ceccato, P. et al., Perspectives on using remotely-sensed imagery in predictive veterinary epidemiology and global early warning systems, Geospatial health, vol.2, issue.1, pp.3-14, 2007.
DOI : 10.4081/gh.2007.250

M. Rostal, A. Evans, R. Sang, S. Gikundi, and L. Wakhule, Identification of potential vectors of and detection of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during interepizootic periods, American Journal of Veterinary Research, vol.71, issue.5, pp.522-526, 2010.
DOI : 10.2460/ajvr.71.5.522

V. Chevalier, R. Lancelot, Y. Thiongane, B. Sall, and B. Mondet, Rift Valley Fever in Small Ruminants, Senegal, 2003, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1693-1700, 2005.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1111.050193
URL : https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1111.050193

J. Meegan, H. Hoogstraal, and M. Moussa, An epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Egypt in 1977, Veterinary Record, vol.105, issue.6, pp.124-125, 1979.
DOI : 10.1136/vr.105.6.124

A. Pretorius, M. Oelofsen, M. Smith, and E. Van-der-ryst, Rift Valley Fever Virus: a Seroepidemiologic Study of Small Terrestrial Vertebrates in South Africa, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.57, issue.6, pp.693-698, 1997.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.693

E. Anderson and L. Rowe, The prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to Leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in Zimbabwe, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.121, issue.2, pp.441-449, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268898001289

D. Fontenille, F. Rodhain, J. Digoutte, C. Mathiot, and J. Morvan, Transmission cycles of the West Nile virus in Madagascar, Indian Ocean, Ann Soc Belg Med Trop, vol.69, pp.233-243, 1989.

J. Morvan, P. Rollin, S. Laventure, I. Rakotoarivony, and J. Roux, Rift Valley fever epizootic in the central highlands of Madagascar, Research in Virology, vol.143, pp.407-415, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80134-2

A. Sall, P. Zanotto, P. Vialat, O. Sene, and M. Bouloy, Origin of 1997?98 Rift Valley fever outbreak in East Africa, Lancet, vol.352, pp.1596-1597, 1998.

B. Bird, M. Khristova, P. Rollin, T. Ksiazek, and S. Nichol, Complete Genome Analysis of 33 Ecologically and Biologically Diverse Rift Valley Fever Virus Strains Reveals Widespread Virus Movement and Low Genetic Diversity due to Recent Common Ancestry, Journal of Virology, vol.81, issue.6, pp.2805-2816, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02095-06

I. Boiro, O. Konstaninov, and A. Numerov, Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from bats in the Republic of Guinea, Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, vol.80, pp.62-67, 1987.

G. Diop, Y. Thiongane, J. Thonnon, D. Fontenille, and M. Diallo, The potential role of rodents in the enzootic cycle of Rift Valley fever virus in Senegal, Microbes and Infection, vol.2, pp.343-346, 2000.

A. Evans, F. Gakuya, J. Paweska, M. Rostal, and L. Akoolo, Prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in Kenyan wildlife, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.22, issue.09, pp.1-9, 2007.
DOI : 10.20506/rst.22.3.1436

S. Goodman, A. Raselimanana, and L. Wilmé, Inventaires de la faune et de la flore du couloir forestier d'Anjozorobe-Angavo, Sciences biologiques. Recherches pour le développement, p.216, 2007.

T. Madani, Y. Mazrou, H. Jeffri, A. Mishkas, and A. Rabeah, Rift Valley Fever Epidemic in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1084-1092, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/378747
URL : https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/37/8/1084/5910138/37-8-1084.pdf

S. Sinha, Bootstrap tests for variance components in generalized linear mixed models, Canadian Journal of Statistics, vol.44, issue.2, pp.219-234, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-0318-1

J. Morvan, P. Rollin, and J. Roux, Situation de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift a ` Madagascar en 1991. Enquêtes séro-e ´pidémiologiques chez les bovins, Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop, vol.45, pp.121-127, 1992.

E. Jeanmaire, R. Rabenarivahiny, M. Biarmann, L. Rabibisoa, F. Ravaomanana et al., Prevalence of Rift Valley Fever Infection in Ruminants in Madagascar After the 2008 Outbreak, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, vol.11, issue.4, pp.395-402, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/vbz.2009.0249
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00596376

J. Morvan, P. Rollin, S. Laventure, and J. Roux, Duration of immunoglobulin M antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in cattle after natural infection, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.86, issue.6, p.675, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90187-H

J. Paweska, F. Burt, F. Anthony, S. Smith, and A. Grobbelaar, IgG-sandwich and IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in domestic ruminants, Journal of Virological Methods, vol.113, issue.2, pp.103-112, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00228-3

B. Beaty and W. Marquardt, The biology of disease vectors, 1996.

M. Pépin, M. Bouloy, B. Bird, A. Kemp, and J. Paweska, ): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention, Veterinary Research, vol.105, issue.6, pp.41-61, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/121.1.19

T. Logan, K. Linthicum, P. Thande, J. Wagateh, and C. Roberts, Mosquito species collected from a marsh in western Kenya during the long rains, J Am Mosq Control Assoc, vol.7, issue.3, pp.395-399, 1991.

J. Meegan and C. Bailey, Rift Valley fever. The Arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, Monath, pp.51-76, 1988.

Y. Clerc, F. Rodhain, J. Digoutte, R. Albignac, and P. Coulanges, Le programme exploratoire arbovirus de l'Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Arch Inst Pasteur de Madagascar, vol.49, pp.65-77, 1982.

J. Ratovonjato, M. Olive, L. Tantely, L. Andrianaivolambo, and E. Tata, of the Haute Matsiatra Region, Madagascar, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, vol.11, issue.6, pp.753-759, 2010.
DOI : 10.1089/vbz.2010.0031
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00596363

M. Turell, S. Presley, A. Gad, S. Cope, and D. Dohm, Vector Competence of Egyptian Mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever Virus, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.54, issue.2, pp.136-139, 1996.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.136

E. Muturi, J. Shililu, B. Jacob, J. Mwangangi, and C. Mbogo, Diversity of Riceland Mosquitoes and Factors Affecting Their Occurrence and Distribution in Mwea, Kenya, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol.24, issue.3, pp.349-358, 2008.
DOI : 10.2987/5675.1

J. Shililu, T. Ghebremeskel, F. Seulu, S. Mengistu, and H. Fekadu, Larval Habitat Diversity and Ecology of Anopheline Larvae in Eritrea, Journal of Medical Entomology, vol.40, issue.6, pp.921-928, 2003.
DOI : 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.921

M. Weinbren and P. Masson, Rift Valley fever in a wild field rat (Arvicanthis abyssinicus): a possible natural host, South Afr Med J, vol.31, pp.427-430, 1957.

B. Youssef and H. Donia, The potential role of Rattus rattus in enzootic cycle of Rift Valley Fever in Egypt 2-application of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in blood samples of Rattus rattus, J Egypt Public Health Assoc, vol.77, pp.133-141, 2002.

A. El-rahim, I. El-hakim, U. Hussein, and M. , An epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Egypt in 1997, Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, vol.18, issue.3, pp.741-748, 1999.
DOI : 10.20506/rst.18.3.1195

T. Shoemaker, C. Boulianne, M. Vincent, L. Pezzanite, and M. Qahtani, Genetic Analysis of Viruses Associated with Emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, 2000-01, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.12, pp.1415-1420, 2000.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0812.020195

S. Carroll, J. Reynes, M. Khristova, and S. Andriamandimby, Genetic Evidence for Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Madagascar Resulting from Virus Introductions from the East African Mainland rather than Enzootic Maintenance, Journal of Virology, vol.85, issue.13, pp.6162-6167, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00335-11
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00596378