C. Acchioni, G. Marsili, E. Perrotti, A. L. Remoli, M. Sgarbanti et al., Type I IFN ??? A blunt spear in fighting HIV-1 infection, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol.26, issue.2, pp.143-158
DOI : 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.004

E. C. Borden, G. C. Sen, G. Uze, R. H. Silverman, R. M. Ransohoff et al., Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.56, issue.12, pp.975-990, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7540
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00203077

S. A. Gonzalez and E. B. Keeffe, Chronic viral hepatitis: epidemiology, molecular biology, and antiviral therapy, Frontiers in Bioscience, vol.16, issue.1, pp.225-250, 2011.
DOI : 10.2741/3685

K. N. Makamdop and G. Q. Del-prete, Type I interferon responses in rhesus macaques prevent SIV infection and slow disease progression Interferon-?, immune activation and immune dysfunction in treated HIV infection, CrossRef] [PubMed] 7. Cha, pp.601-605, 2014.

N. T. Funderburg and H. A. Pilch-cooper, Interferon-? is the primary plasma type-I IFN in HIV-1 infection and correlates with immune activation and disease markers Programmed death-1-induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection, PLoS ONEJ. Nat. Med, vol.8, issue.16, pp.452-459, 2010.

L. Trautmann, L. Janbazian, N. Chomont, E. A. Said, S. Gimmig et al., Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction, Nature Medicine, vol.168, issue.10, pp.1198-1202, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.168.6.3099

L. Trautmann, E. A. Said, R. Halwani, L. Janbazian, N. Chomont et al., Programmed death 1: a critical regulator of T-cell function and a strong target for immunotherapies for chronic viral infections, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, vol.2, issue.3, pp.219-227, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/COH.0b013e3280ebb5c9

J. Van-grevenynghe, R. A. Cubas, S. Dafonseca, T. Metcalf, C. L. Tremblay et al., Foxo3a: An integrator of immune dysfunction during HIV infection, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol.23, issue.4-5, pp.215-221, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.008

J. Van-grevenynghe, R. A. Cubas, A. Noto, S. Dafonseca, Z. He et al., Loss of memory B cells during chronic HIV infection is driven by Foxo3a- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.121, issue.10, pp.3877-3888, 2011.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI59211DS1

J. Van-grevenynghe, F. A. Procopio, Z. He, N. Chomont, C. Riou et al., Transcription factor FOXO3a controls the persistence of memory CD4+ T cells during HIV infection, Nature Medicine, vol.382, issue.3, pp.266-274, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4753

J. C. Beltra and H. Decaluwe, Cytokines and persistent viral infections, Cytokine, vol.82, pp.4-15, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.006

C. R. Bolen, M. D. Robek, L. Brodsky, V. Schulz, J. K. Lim et al., The Blood Transcriptional Signature of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Is Consistent with an Ongoing Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Response, Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, vol.33, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/jir.2012.0037

S. E. Bosinger and N. S. Utay, Type I Interferon: Understanding Its Role in HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy, Current HIV/AIDS Reports, vol.169, issue.6, pp.41-53, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/169.6.1351

L. Cheng, J. Ma, J. Li, D. Li, G. Li et al., Blocking type I interferon signaling enhances T cell recovery and reduces HIV-1 reservoirs, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.127, issue.1, pp.269-279, 2017.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI90745DS1
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5199717?pdf=render

L. Cheng, H. Yu, G. Li, F. Li, J. Ma et al., Type I interferons suppress viral replication but contribute to T cell depletion and dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection, JCI Insight, vol.2, issue.12, p.94366, 2017.
DOI : 10.1172/jci.insight.94366DS1

S. Fernandez, S. Tanaskovic, K. Helbig, R. Rajasuriar, M. Kramski et al., CD4+ T-Cell Deficiency in HIV Patients Responding to Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Increased Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in CD4+ T Cells, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.203, issue.12, pp.1927-1935, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jir060

L. G. Guidotti and F. Chisari, IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, vol.1, issue.1, pp.23-61, 2006.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230

G. A. Hardy, S. F. Sieg, B. Rodriguez, W. Jiang, R. Asaad et al., Desensitization to type I interferon in HIV-1 infection correlates with markers of immune activation and disease progression, Blood, vol.113, issue.22, pp.5497-5505, 2009.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2008-11-190231

N. Honke, N. Shaabani, K. Merches, A. Gassa, A. Kraft et al., Immunoactivation induced by chronic viral infection inhibits viral replication and drives immunosuppression through sustained IFN-I responses, European Journal of Immunology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.372-380, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/nm1780
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.201545765/pdf

G. Marsili, A. L. Remoli, M. Sgarbanti, E. Perrotti, A. Fragale et al., HIV-1, interferon and the interferon regulatory factor system: An interplay between induction, antiviral responses and viral evasion, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol.23, issue.4-5, pp.255-270, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.06.001

A. I. Su, J. P. Pezacki, L. Wodicka, A. D. Brideau, L. Supekova et al., Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, pp.15669-15674

J. R. Teijaro, C. Ng, A. M. Lee, B. M. Sullivan, K. C. Sheehan et al., Persistent LCMV Infection Is Controlled by Blockade of Type I Interferon Signaling, Science, vol.69, issue.2, pp.207-211, 2013.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230

B. Wang, W. Kang, J. Zuo, W. Kang, and Y. Sun, The Significance of Type-I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection, Frontiers in Immunology, vol.1, p.1431, 2017.
DOI : 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah3565

E. B. Wilson and D. G. Brooks, Decoding the complexity of type I interferon to treat persistent viral infections, Trends in Microbiology, vol.21, issue.12, pp.634-640, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2013.10.003

E. B. Wilson, D. H. Yamada, H. Elsaesser, J. Herskovitz, J. Deng et al., Blockade of Chronic Type I Interferon Signaling to Control Persistent LCMV Infection, Science, vol.22, issue.2, pp.202-207, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.005

L. D. Harris, B. Tabb, D. L. Sodora, M. Paiardini, N. R. Klatt et al., Downregulation of Robust Acute Type I Interferon Responses Distinguishes Nonpathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection of Natural Hosts from Pathogenic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques, Journal of Virology, vol.84, issue.15, pp.7886-7891, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02612-09

B. Jacquelin, V. Mayau, B. Targat, A. S. Liovat, D. Kunkel et al., Nonpathogenic SIV infection of African green monkeys induces a strong but rapidly controlled type I IFN response, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.119, pp.3544-3555, 2009.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI40093DS1

J. N. Mandl, A. P. Barry, T. H. Vanderford, N. Kozyr, R. Chavan et al., Divergent TLR7 and TLR9 signaling and type I interferon production distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic AIDS virus infections, Nature Medicine, vol.72, issue.10, pp.1077-1087, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3035

M. Rotger, J. Dalmau, A. Rauch, P. Mclaren, S. E. Bosinger et al., Comparative transcriptomics of extreme phenotypes of human HIV-1 infection and SIV infection in sooty mangabey and rhesus macaque, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.121, issue.6, pp.2391-2400, 2011.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI45235DS1

A. Boasso and G. M. Shearer, Chronic innate immune activation as a cause of HIV-1 immunopathogenesis, Clinical Immunology, vol.126, issue.3, pp.235-242, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clim.2007.08.015

A. R. Sedaghat, J. German, T. M. Teslovich, J. Cofrancesco, . Jr et al., Chronic CD4+ T-Cell Activation and Depletion in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Type I Interferon-Mediated Disruption of T-Cell Dynamics, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.4, pp.1870-1883, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02228-07

E. Stylianou, P. Aukrust, K. Bendtzen, F. Muller, and S. S. Froland, Interferons and interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 10 during highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)-possible immunosuppressive role of IFN-alpha in HIV infection, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol.13, issue.3, pp.479-485, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/169.5.981

J. Van-grevenynghe, R. Halwani, N. Chomont, P. Ancuta, Y. Peretz et al., Lymph node architecture collapse and consequent modulation of FOXO3a pathway on memory T- and B-cells during HIV infection, Seminars in Immunology, vol.20, issue.3, pp.196-203, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.008

A. Zhen, V. Rezek, C. Youn, B. Lam, N. Chang et al., Targeting type I interferon???mediated activation restores immune function in chronic HIV infection, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.127, issue.1, pp.260-268, 2017.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI89488DS1
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5199686?pdf=render

J. M. Mcbride, J. Jiang, A. R. Abbas, A. Morimoto, J. Li et al., Safety and pharmacodynamics of rontalizumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Results of a phase I, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.10, issue.Suppl 1, pp.3666-3676, 2012.
DOI : 10.1186/ar2559

B. Wang, B. W. Higgs, L. Chang, I. Vainshtein, Z. Liu et al., Pharmacogenomics and Translational Simulations to Bridge Indications for an Anti-Interferon-?? Receptor Antibody, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.79, issue.6, pp.483-492, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmpb.2005.04.005

E. B. Wilson and D. G. Brooks, Interfering with type I Interferon: A novel approach to purge persistent viral infection, Cell Cycle, vol.11, issue.18, pp.2919-2920, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2012.03.009
URL : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.26175?needAccess=true

J. P. Herbeuval, J. Nilsson, A. Boasso, A. W. Hardy, M. J. Kruhlak et al., Differential expression of IFN-?? and TRAIL/DR5 in lymphoid tissue of progressor versus nonprogressor HIV-1-infected patients, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, pp.7000-7005, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/1097-0320(20010901)45:1<37::AID-CYTO1142>3.0.CO;2-E

C. Lehmann, J. M. Harper, D. Taubert, P. Hartmann, G. Fatkenheuer et al., Increased Interferon Alpha Expression in Circulating Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells of HIV-1-Infected Patients, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.48, issue.5, pp.522-530, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817f97cf

M. E. Ackerman, J. B. Margolick, and J. N. Blankson, HIV-antibody complexes enhance production of type I interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, J. Clin. Investig, vol.127, pp.4352-4364, 2017.

M. Swiecki, Y. Wang, W. Vermi, S. Gilfillan, R. D. Schreiber et al., Type I interferon negatively controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in vivo, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.208, issue.12, pp.2367-2374, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2008.08.016
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/208/12/2367.full.pdf

A. Boasso, A. W. Hardy, A. L. Landay, J. L. Martinson, S. A. Anderson et al., PDL-1 upregulation on monocytes and T cells by HIV via type I interferon: Restricted expression of type I interferon receptor by CCR5-expressing leukocytes, Clinical Immunology, vol.129, issue.1, pp.132-144, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.009

M. Sehgal, M. Zeremski, A. H. Talal, R. Ginwala, E. Elrod et al., IFN-??-Induced Downregulation of miR-221 in Dendritic Cells: Implications for HCV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, vol.35, issue.9, pp.698-709, 2015.
DOI : 10.1089/jir.2014.0211

C. R. Cunningham, A. Champhekar, M. V. Tullius, B. J. Dillon, A. Zhen et al., Type I and Type II Interferon Coordinately Regulate Suppressive Dendritic Cell Fate and Function during Viral Persistence, PLOS Pathogens, vol.41, issue.Web Server issue, p.1005356, 2016.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005356.s003
URL : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005356

N. Honke, N. Shaabani, G. Cadeddu, U. R. Sorg, D. E. Zhang et al., Enforced viral replication activates adaptive immunity and is essential for the control of a cytopathic virus, Nature Immunology, vol.150, issue.1, pp.51-57, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.89.1.314

B. A. Norris, L. S. Uebelhoer, H. I. Nakaya, A. A. Price, A. Grakoui et al., Chronic but Not Acute Virus Infection Induces Sustained Expansion of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Numbers that Inhibit Viral-Specific T Cell Immunity, Immunity, vol.38, issue.2, pp.309-321, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.022

K. Taleb, C. Auffray, P. Villefroy, A. Pereira, A. Hosmalin et al., Chronic Type I IFN Is Sufficient To Promote Immunosuppression through Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.69, issue.3
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jis663

H. Rempel, B. Sun, C. Calosing, S. K. Pillai, and L. Pulliam, Interferon-?? drives monocyte gene expression in chronic unsuppressed HIV-1 infection, AIDS, vol.24, issue.10, pp.1415-1423, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833ac623

J. P. Herbeuval, J. C. Grivel, A. Boasso, A. W. Hardy, C. Chougnet et al., CD4+ T-cell death induced by infectious and noninfectious HIV-1: role of type 1 interferon-dependent, TRAIL/DR5-mediated apoptosis, Blood, vol.106, issue.10, pp.3524-3531, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1243

L. Kardava, S. Moir, N. Shah, W. Wang, R. Wilson et al., Abnormal B cell memory subsets dominate HIV-specific responses in infected individuals, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.124, issue.7, pp.3252-3262, 2014.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI74351DS1

S. Moir and A. S. Fauci, Insights into B cells and HIV-specific B-cell responses in HIV-infected individuals, Immunological Reviews, vol.301, issue.Suppl, pp.207-224, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1086907

E. A. Moseman, T. Wu, J. C. De-la-torre, P. L. Schwartzberg, and D. B. Mcgavern, Type I interferon suppresses virus-specific B cell responses by modulating CD8+ T cell differentiation

J. P. Herbeuval, A. W. Hardy, A. Boasso, S. A. Anderson, M. J. Dolan et al., Regulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on primary CD4+ T cells by HIV-1: Role of type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, pp.13974-13979
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.79.7.4043-4054.2005

L. Cha, E. De-jong, M. A. French, and S. Fernandez, T Cell Numbers in Treated HIV Infection, The Journal of Immunology, vol.193, issue.5, pp.2178-2186, 2014.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1302536

S. Moir and A. S. Fauci, B-cell responses to HIV infection, Immunological Reviews, vol.10, issue.1676-1685, pp.33-48
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-10-117
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5300048?pdf=render

A. Noto and G. Pantaleo, B-cell abnormalities and impact on antibody response in HIV infection, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, vol.12, issue.3, pp.203-208
DOI : 10.1097/COH.0000000000000359

M. Daugan, A. Murira, B. C. Mindt, A. Germain, E. Tarrab et al., Type I Interferon Impairs Specific Antibody Responses Early during Establishment of LCMV Infection, Frontiers in Immunology, vol.189, issue.11, p.564, 2016.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.189.11.1791
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01535181

M. Aounallah, X. Dagenais-lussier, V. Mehraj, M. A. Jenabian, J. P. Routy et al., Current topics in HIV pathogenesis, part 2: Inflammation drives a Warburg-like effect on the metabolism of HIV-infected subjects, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol.28, pp.1-10, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.01.001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01350802

M. El-far, R. Halwani, E. Said, L. Trautmann, M. Doroudchi et al., T-cell exhaustion in HIV infection, HIV infection, pp.13-19, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.945

J. A. Fraietta, Y. M. Mueller, G. Yang, A. C. Boesteanu, D. T. Gracias et al., et al. Type I interferon upregulates bak and contributes to T cell loss during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, PLoS Pathog, vol.2013, issue.9, p.1003658

L. Saout, C. Hasley, R. B. Imamichi, H. Tcheung, L. Hu et al., Chronic Exposure to Type-I IFN under Lymphopenic Conditions Alters CD4 T Cell Homeostasis, PLoS Pathogens, vol.7, issue.3, p.1003976, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003976.s008

A. Boasso, A. W. Hardy, S. A. Anderson, M. J. Dolan, and G. M. Shearer, HIV-Induced Type I Interferon and Tryptophan Catabolism Drive T Cell Dysfunction Despite Phenotypic Activation, PLoS ONE, vol.72, issue.8, p.2961, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0002961.s001
URL : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002961

Z. Zhang, X. Xu, J. Lu, S. Zhang, L. Gu et al., B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Down-regulation by HIV-1 Depends on Type I Interferon and Contributes to T-Cell Hyperactivation, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.11, pp.1668-1678, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nm.2004

A. Crawford, J. M. Angelosanto, C. Kao, T. A. Doering, P. M. Odorizzi et al., Molecular and Transcriptional Basis of CD4+ T Cell Dysfunction during Chronic Infection, Immunity, vol.40, issue.2, pp.289-302, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.005

I. Osokine, L. M. Snell, C. R. Cunningham, D. H. Yamada, E. B. Wilson et al., Type I interferon suppresses de novo virus-specific CD4 Th1 immunity during an established persistent viral infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014, pp.7409-7414
DOI : 10.1172/JCI26856
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/111/20/7409.full.pdf

J. W. Che, A. R. Kraft, L. K. Selin, and R. M. Welsh, ABSTRACT, Journal of Virology, vol.89, issue.4, pp.2112-2120, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02245-14

S. Srivastava, M. A. Koch, M. Pepper, and D. J. Campbell, Type I interferons directly inhibit regulatory T cells to allow optimal antiviral T cell responses during acute LCMV infection, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.161, issue.5, pp.961-974, 2014.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.20110236
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/211/5/961.full.pdf

P. Penaloza-macmaster, A. O. Kamphorst, A. Wieland, K. Araki, S. S. Iyer et al., Interplay between regulatory T cells and PD-1 in modulating T cell exhaustion and viral control during chronic LCMV infection, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.68, issue.9, 1905.
DOI : 10.1038/nri1806

Y. Wang, M. Swiecki, M. Cella, G. Alber, R. D. Schreiber et al., Timing and Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Distinct Sensors Impact CD8??T Cell Exhaustion and Chronic Viral Infection, Cell Host & Microbe, vol.11, issue.6, pp.631-642, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.003