Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder
M. Bauer
(1)
,
T. Glenn
(2)
,
M. Alda
(3)
,
M. Aleksandrovich
(4)
,
O. Andreassen
(5)
,
E. Angelopoulos
(6)
,
R. Ardau
(7)
,
Y. Ayhan
(8)
,
C. Baethge
(9)
,
R. Bharathram
(10)
,
R. Bauer
(1)
,
T. Baune
(11)
,
C. Becerra-Palars
(12)
,
F. Bellivier
(13)
,
R. Belmaker
(14)
,
M. Berk
(15, 16)
,
Y. Bersudsky
(14)
,
Ş. Bicakci
(17)
,
H. Birabwa-Oketcho
(18)
,
T. Bjella
(5)
,
L. Bossini
(19)
,
J. Cabrera
(20)
,
E. Cheung
(21)
,
M. del Zompo
(7)
,
S. Dodd
(16, 22)
,
M. Donix
(1)
,
B. Etain
(13)
,
A. Fagiolini
(7)
,
K. Fountoulakis
(23)
,
M. Frye
(24)
,
A. Gonzalez-Pinto
(25)
,
F. Gottlieb
(26)
,
P. Grof
(27)
,
H. Harima
(28, 29)
,
C. Henry
(30, 31)
,
T. Isometsä
(32, 33)
,
S. Janno
(34)
,
F. Kapczinski
(35)
,
M. Kardell
(36)
,
S. Khaldi
,
S. Kliwicki
(37)
,
B. König
(38)
,
T. Kot
(39)
,
R. Krogh
(40)
,
M. Kunz
(35)
,
B. Lafer
(41)
,
M. Landén
(36, 42)
,
E. Larsen
(40)
,
U. Lewitzka
(1)
,
R. Licht
(40, 43)
,
C. Lopez-Jaramillo
(44)
,
G. Macqueen
(45)
,
M. Manchia
(7)
,
W. Marsh
(46)
,
M. Martinez-Cengotitabengoa
(25)
,
K. Melle
(5)
,
F. Meza-Urzúa
(12)
,
M. Yee Ming
(47)
,
S. Monteith
(48)
,
G. Morken
(49, 50)
,
E. Mosca
(7)
,
R. Munoz
(51)
,
S. Mythri
(52)
,
F. Nacef
(53)
,
R. Nadella
(10)
,
F. Nery
(41)
,
E. Nielsen
(40, 43)
,
C. O'Donovan
(3)
,
A. Omrani
,
Y. Osher
(14)
,
H. Østermark Sørensen
(40)
,
U. Ouali
(54)
,
Y. Pica Ruiz
(55)
,
M. Pilhatsch
(1)
,
M. Pinna
(56)
,
R. da Ponte
(35)
,
D. Quiroz
(57)
,
R. Ramesar
(58)
,
N. Rasgon
(59)
,
M. Reddy
(52)
,
A. Reif
(60)
,
P. Ritter
(1)
,
J. Rybakowski
(37)
,
K. Sagduyu
(61)
,
M. Scippa
(62)
,
E. Severus
(1)
,
C. Simhandl
(38)
,
J. Stein
(63)
,
S. Strejilevich
(64)
,
M. Subramaniam
(47)
,
H. Sulaiman
(65)
,
K. Suominen
,
H. Tagata
(29)
,
Y. Tatebayashi
(66)
,
L. Tondo
(67)
,
C. Torrent
(68)
,
E. Vaaler
(49, 50)
,
J. Veeh
(69, 70)
,
E. Vieta
(68)
,
B. Viswanath
(10)
,
M. Yoldi-Negrete
(12, 71)
,
M. Zetin
(72)
,
Y. Zgueb
(54)
,
C. Whybrow
(73)
1
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus [Dresden, Germany]
2 ChronoRecord Association Inc. [Fullerton, USA]
3 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
4 Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital [Urai, Russia]
5 NORMENT - Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo]
6 University of Athens Medical School [Athens]
7 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
8 Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University]
9 Faculty of Medicine [Cologne]
10 NIMHANS - National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [Bangalore, Inde]
11 Adelaide Medical School [Australia]
12 INPRF - National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz [Mexico City]
13 VariaPsy - U1144 - Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes
14 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
15 Deakin University [Burwood]
16 University of Melbourne
17 Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi
18 Butabika Hospital [Kampala, Uganda]
19 UNISI - Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena
20 Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute,
21 Castle Peak Hospital [Hong Kong]
22 IMPACT - Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment [Geelong Victoria, Australia]
23 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
24 Mayo Clinic [Rochester]
25 UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
26 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
27 MDCO - Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa
28 Kobe University
29 Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital [Tokyo, Japan]
30 IMRB - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
31 Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory
32 National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki]
33 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
34 University of Tartu
35 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
36 Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]
37 PUMS - Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland]
38 BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt [Wiener Neustadt, Austria]
39 Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital [Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia]
40 Aarhus University Hospital
41 FMUSP - Universidade de São Paulo Medical School
42 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
43 AAU - Aalborg University [Denmark]
44 Universidad de Antoquia
45 University of Calgary
46 UMASS - University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester]
47 Institute of Mental Health [Singapore]
48 Michigan State University [Traverse City]
49 Department of Psychiatry [St. Olav's hospital, Trondheim]
50 NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim]
51 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
52 ABC - Asha Bipolar Clinic [Hyderabad, Telangana, India]
53 UTM - Université de Tunis El Manar
54 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis
55 Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal [Mexico City, Mexico]
56 Centro Lucio Bini [Cagliari, Italy]
57 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago]
58 IDM - Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
59 Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA]
60 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
61 UMKC - University of Missouri [Kansas City]
62 UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia
63 University of Cape Town
64 Institute of Neuroscience Foundation Favaloro
65 Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie]
66 TMIMS - Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
67 McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.]
68 University of Barcelona
69 Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main
70 Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
71 CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico]
72 Chapman University
73 Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca]
2 ChronoRecord Association Inc. [Fullerton, USA]
3 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
4 Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital [Urai, Russia]
5 NORMENT - Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo]
6 University of Athens Medical School [Athens]
7 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
8 Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University]
9 Faculty of Medicine [Cologne]
10 NIMHANS - National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [Bangalore, Inde]
11 Adelaide Medical School [Australia]
12 INPRF - National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz [Mexico City]
13 VariaPsy - U1144 - Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes
14 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
15 Deakin University [Burwood]
16 University of Melbourne
17 Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi
18 Butabika Hospital [Kampala, Uganda]
19 UNISI - Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena
20 Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute,
21 Castle Peak Hospital [Hong Kong]
22 IMPACT - Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment [Geelong Victoria, Australia]
23 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
24 Mayo Clinic [Rochester]
25 UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
26 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
27 MDCO - Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa
28 Kobe University
29 Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital [Tokyo, Japan]
30 IMRB - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
31 Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory
32 National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki]
33 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
34 University of Tartu
35 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
36 Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]
37 PUMS - Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland]
38 BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt [Wiener Neustadt, Austria]
39 Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital [Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia]
40 Aarhus University Hospital
41 FMUSP - Universidade de São Paulo Medical School
42 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
43 AAU - Aalborg University [Denmark]
44 Universidad de Antoquia
45 University of Calgary
46 UMASS - University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester]
47 Institute of Mental Health [Singapore]
48 Michigan State University [Traverse City]
49 Department of Psychiatry [St. Olav's hospital, Trondheim]
50 NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim]
51 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
52 ABC - Asha Bipolar Clinic [Hyderabad, Telangana, India]
53 UTM - Université de Tunis El Manar
54 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis
55 Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal [Mexico City, Mexico]
56 Centro Lucio Bini [Cagliari, Italy]
57 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago]
58 IDM - Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
59 Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA]
60 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
61 UMKC - University of Missouri [Kansas City]
62 UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia
63 University of Cape Town
64 Institute of Neuroscience Foundation Favaloro
65 Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie]
66 TMIMS - Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
67 McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.]
68 University of Barcelona
69 Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main
70 Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
71 CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico]
72 Chapman University
73 Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca]
B. Etain
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757741
- IdHAL : bruno-etain
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5377-1488
- IdRef : 074181106
S. Khaldi
- Function : Author
A. Omrani
- Function : Author
K. Suominen
- Function : Author
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder.
METHOD: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density.
RESULTS: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.