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Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder

M. Bauer 1, * T. Glenn 2 M. Alda 3 M. Aleksandrovich 4 O. Andreassen 5 E. Angelopoulos 6 R. Ardau 7 Y. Ayhan 8 C. Baethge 9 R. Bharathram 10 R. Bauer 1 T. Baune 11 C. Becerra-Palars 12 F. Bellivier 13 R. Belmaker 14 M. Berk 15, 16 Y. Bersudsky 14 Ş. Bicakci 17 H. Birabwa-Oketcho 18 T. Bjella 5 L. Bossini 19 J. Cabrera 20 E. Cheung 21 M. del Zompo 7 S. Dodd 16, 22 M. Donix 1 B. Etain 13 A. Fagiolini 7 K. Fountoulakis 23 M. Frye 24 A. Gonzalez-Pinto 25 F. Gottlieb 26 P. Grof 27 H. Harima 28, 29 C. Henry 30, 31 T. Isometsä 32, 33 S. Janno 34 F. Kapczinski 35 M. Kardell 36 S. Khaldi S. Kliwicki 37 B. König 38 T. Kot 39 R. Krogh 40 M. Kunz 35 B. Lafer 41 M. Landén 36, 42 E. Larsen 40 U. Lewitzka 1 R. Licht 40, 43 C. Lopez-Jaramillo 44 G. Macqueen 45 M. Manchia 7 W. Marsh 46 M. Martinez-Cengotitabengoa 25 K. Melle 5 F. Meza-Urzúa 12 M. Yee Ming 47 S. Monteith 48 G. Morken 49, 50 E. Mosca 7 R. Munoz 51 S. Mythri 52 F. Nacef 53 R. Nadella 10 F. Nery 41 E. Nielsen 40, 43 C. O'Donovan 3 A. Omrani Y. Osher 14 H. Østermark Sørensen 40 U. Ouali 54 Y. Pica Ruiz 55 M. Pilhatsch 1 M. Pinna 56 R. da Ponte 35 D. Quiroz 57 R. Ramesar 58 N. Rasgon 59 M. Reddy 52 A. Reif 60 P. Ritter 1 J. Rybakowski 37 K. Sagduyu 61 M. Scippa 62 E. Severus 1 C. Simhandl 38 J. Stein 63 S. Strejilevich 64 M. Subramaniam 47 H. Sulaiman 65 K. Suominen H. Tagata 29 Y. Tatebayashi 66 L. Tondo 67 C. Torrent 68 E. Vaaler 49, 50 J. Veeh 69, 70 E. Vieta 68 B. Viswanath 10 M. Yoldi-Negrete 12, 71 M. Zetin 72 Y. Zgueb 54 C. Whybrow 73
* Corresponding author
1 University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus [Dresden, Germany]
2 ChronoRecord Association Inc. [Fullerton, USA]
3 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
4 Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital [Urai, Russia]
5 NORMENT - Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo]
UiO - University of Oslo, Haukeland University Hospital, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo]
6 University of Athens Medical School [Athens]
7 Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari]
8 Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University]
9 Faculty of Medicine [Cologne]
10 NIMHANS - National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [Bangalore, Inde]
11 Adelaide Medical School [Australia]
12 INPRF - National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz [Mexico City]
13 VariaPsy - U1144 - Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes
14 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
15 Deakin University [Burwood]
16 University of Melbourne
17 Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi
18 Butabika Hospital [Kampala, Uganda]
19 UNISI - Università degli Studi di Siena
20 Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute,
21 Castle Peak Hospital [Hong Kong]
22 IMPACT - Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment [Geelong Victoria, Australia]
Deakin University [Burwood]
23 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
24 Mayo Clinic [Rochester]
25 UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia]
26 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
27 MDCO - Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa
28 Kobe University
29 Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital [Tokyo, Japan]
30 IMRB - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
31 Perception et Mémoire
32 National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki]
33 University of Helsinki
34 University of Tartu
35 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
36 Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]
37 PUMS - Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland]
38 BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt [Wiener Neustadt, Austria]
39 Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital [Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia]
40 Aarhus University Hospital
41 FMUSP - Universidade de São Paulo Medical School
42 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
43 AAU - Aalborg University [Denmark]
44 Universidad de Antoquia
45 University of Calgary
46 UMASS - University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester]
47 Institute of Mental Health [Singapore]
48 Michigan State University [Traverse City]
49 Department of Psychiatry [St. Olav's hospital, Trondheim]
50 NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim]
51 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
52 ABC - Asha Bipolar Clinic [Hyderabad, Telangana, India]
53 UTM - Université de Tunis El Manar
54 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis
55 Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal [Mexico City, Mexico]
56 Centro Lucio Bini [Cagliari, Italy]
57 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago]
58 IDM - Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
59 Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA]
60 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
61 UMKC - University of Missouri [Kansas City]
62 UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia
63 University of Cape Town
64 Institute of Neuroscience Foundation Favaloro
65 Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie]
66 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
67 McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.]
68 University of Barcelona
69 Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main
70 Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
71 CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico]
72 Chapman University
73 Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca]
Abstract : OBJECTIVE: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. METHOD: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. RESULTS: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.
Keywords : bipolar disorder solar insolation epidemiology circadian rhythm
Document type :
Journal articles
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https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01962050
Contributor : Abdelhakim Ben Hassine <>
Submitted on : Thursday, December 20, 2018 - 12:51:47 PM
Last modification on : Friday, October 23, 2020 - 6:48:04 PM

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M. Bauer, T. Glenn, M. Alda, M. Aleksandrovich, O. Andreassen, et al.. Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Wiley, 2017, 136 (6), pp.571-582. ⟨10.1111/acps.12772⟩. ⟨pasteur-01962050⟩

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