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Journal articles

Risk factors for acquisition of meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt

Laura V. Cooper 1 Anna Robson 1 Caroline L. Trotter 1 Abraham Aseffa 2 Jean-Marc Collard 3, 4 Doumagoum Moto Daugla 5 Aldiouma Diallo 6 Abraham Hodgson 7 Jean‐françois Jusot 3 Babatunji Omotara 8 Musa Hassan‐king 9 Olivier Manigart 9 Maria Nascimento 9 Arouna Woukeu 9 Daniel Chandramohan 9 Ray Borrow 10 Martin C. J. Maiden 11 Brian Greenwood 9, * James M. Stuart 9 
* Corresponding author
1 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
2 AHRI - Armauer Hansen Research Institute
3 CERMES - Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger)
4 IPM - Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Antananarivo, Madagascar]
5 CSSI - Centre de Support en Santé Internationale [N'Djamena, Tchad]
6 IRD Hann Maristes - Institut de recherche pour le développement [Dakar, Sénégal]
7 NHRC - Navrongo Health Research Centre [Navrongo, Ghana]
8 University of Maiduguri
9 LSHTM - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
10 Vaccine Evaluation Unit [Manchester]
11 University of Oxford [Oxford]
Abstract : Objective To investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt. Methods Households were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over the whole study period and for each visit were analysed by a series of logistic regressions. Results Over the course of the study, acquisition was higher in: (i) 5-to 14-year olds, as compared with those 30 years or older (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–9.9); (ii) smokers (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.98–13); and (iii) those exposed to wood smoke at home (OR 2.6 95% CI 1.3–5.6). The risk of acquisition from one visit to the next was higher in those reporting a sore throat during the dry season (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0–6.7) and lower in those reporting antibiotic use (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.56). Conclusions Acquisition of meningococcal carriage peaked in school age children. Recent symptoms of sore throat during the dry season, but not during the rainy season, were associated with a higher risk of acquisition. Upper respiratory tract infections may be an important driver of epidemics in the meningitis belt.
Keywords : acquisition risk factors Neisseria meningitidis Africa
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Journal articles
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https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02263733
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IRD | RIIP | UNIV-AMU | RIIP_MADAGASCAR | RIIP_CERMES

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Laura V. Cooper, Anna Robson, Caroline L. Trotter, Abraham Aseffa, Jean-Marc Collard, et al.. Risk factors for acquisition of meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt. Tropical Medicine & International Health, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019, 24 (4), pp.392-400. ⟨10.1111/tmi.13203⟩. ⟨hal-02263733⟩

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